482 INTELLECTUAL SYMBOLISM. 
was, that it is an act of the mind whereby one thing ts affirmed or denied of another. I be- 
lieve this is as good a definition of it as can be given.”* 
87. “In treatises of logic, judgment is commonly defined to be an act of the mind, by 
which one thing is affirmed or denied of another; a definition which, though not unex- 
ceptionable, is perhaps less so than most that have been given on similar occasions.” 
88. “The arts intellectual are four in number, divided according to the ends whereunto 
they are referred ; for man’s labor is to invent that which is sought or propounded ; or to 
judge that which is invented; or to retain that which is judged; or to deliver over that 
which is retained. So as the arts must be four; art of inquiry or invention; art of ex- 
amination or judgment ; art of custody or memory ; and art of elocution, or tradition.” 
89. “Judgment is the action of the mind in deciding or pronouncing, concerning two 
things, when placed in comparison, that they are equal or unequal, like or unlike; that 
the one contains the other, or bears such or such a relation to it. It is by successive judg- 
ments, or by the regular comparing of one idea or notion with another, until we reach 
some one which at first was seen in the distance, that a process of reasoning is carried on.”§ 
90. “Sound judgment is feeling rightly and perceiving correctly. The reflective facul- 
ties are the judges, but they depend on the other faculties for correct data.”’|| 
91. This faculty of Judgment corresponds in part if not wholly with what Hamilton 
calls the Elaborative Faculty. He says: “These four acts of acquisition, conservation, 
reproduction, and representation, form a class of faculties which we may call the Subsi- 
diary, as furnishing the materials to a higher faculty, the function of which is to elaborate 
these materials. ‘This elaborative or discursive faculty is Comparison ; for under Compari- 
son may be comprised all the acts of Synthesis and Analysis, Generalization and Abstrac- 
tion, Judgment and Reasoning. Comparison, or the Elaborative or Discursive Faculty, 
corresponds to the A:aoa of the Greeks, to the Verstand of the Germans. ‘This faculty is 
Thought Proper; and Logic, as we shall see, is the science conversant about its laws.” 4] 
92. The difference between Energy (SR), and Judgment (RS), according to our schema, 
is that in the former the Spontaneous element, and in the latter the Rational, is the more 
prominent; the one being the faculty of subjective activity for a rational purpose or end, 
the other the faculty of rational action for subjective improvement or gratification. 
93. UNDERSTANDING is the rational form of Rationality,—the supreme faculty of In- 
telligence to which Perception and Judgment are both subservient. Its symbol is RR. 
94. “The commandment of knowledge is yet higher than the commandment over the 
* Reid, p. 418. + Stewart, p. 349. 
{ Bacon, Vol. I, p. 207. § Taylor, £1. of Thought, p. 110. 
|| Combe, p. 290. § Hamilton: Metaphysics, p. 284. 
