APPLICATION OF CATEGORIES,—SPACE, TIME, AND POSITION. 561 
matical idealism of Descartes,” and “the dogmatical idealism of Berkeley,’* as exclusive 
systems of philosophy. 
404. The following remarks of Derodont present the objective view of space, very con- 
cisely and very happily, although the definitions are naturally, as objective, mostly nega- 
tive. 
“<1. Space is not pure nothing, for nothing has no capacity; but space has the capacity 
of receiving body. 
“2. It is not an ens rationis, for it was occupied by heaven and earth before the birth 
of man. 
«<3. It is not an accident inhering in a subject, 7. e., body, for body changes its place, 
but space is not moved with it. 
“4. It is not the superficies of one body surrounding another, because superficies is 
an accident; and as superficies is a quantity, it should occupy space ; but space cannot 
occupy space. Besides, the remotest heaven occupies space, and has no superficies sur- 
rounding it. 
“5. It is not the relation or order with reference to certain fixed points, as east, west, 
north, and south. For if the whole world were round, bodies would change place, and 
not their order, or they may change their order and not their place, if the sky, with the 
fixed points, were moved by itself. 
“6 and 7. It is not body, nor spirit. 
“8. It may be said with probability, that space cannot be distinguished from the divine 
immensity, and therefore from God. It is infinite and eternal, which God only is. He 
is the place of all being, for no being is out of Him. And although different beings are 
in different places externally, they are all virtually in the divine immensity.” 
405. In our examination of the Kantian antinomies, an allusion was incidentally made 
to Hamilton’s belief, that we cannot conceive the possibility either of the finitude or of the 
infinity of space or time. He says, “‘ We are altogether unable to conceive space as 
bounded,—as finite; that is, as a whole beyond which there is no further space. Every 
one ‘is conscious that this is impossible. It contradicts also the supposition of space as a 
necessary notion; for if we could imagine space as a terminated sphere, and that sphere 
not itself inclosed in a surrounding space, we should not be obliged to think everything in 
space ; and on the contrary, if we did imagine this terminated sphere as itself in space, 
in that case we should not have actually conceived all space as a bounded whole. The 
* Kant, p. 183-4. Kant’s views of space, time, and motion, appear to be nearly the same as those of the Hle- 
atic school. See Anderson, Part III, § 1, and Aristotle, guowx9c axpodcews, Book VI, chap. 9. 
{ Quoted by Fleming ; Article, Spacz. 
