CYTAEIS VULGARIS. 191 



A second feature thought by Browne (:05 b ) to distinguish C. herdmani 

 from the Atlantic species C. nigritina and C. macrogaster is the structure of the 

 tentacles, in which in C. herdmani the pigment is restricted to the endoderm 

 cells ; but since these same conditions appear to occur in the " Siboga " 

 specimens of C. vulgaris, it gives no ground for a specific separation of C. 

 herdmani from C. vulgaris. In size the present series agrees closely with Maas's 

 account, the largest individual in this, as in the " Siboga " collection, measur- 

 ing about 5 mm. in diameter. 



Maas and Browne both took their accounts from specimens with sexual 

 products in process of development, and neither they nor Agassiz and Mayer 

 observed budding, although Maas (:05) has suggested that such a process 

 probably occurs. In the present series, however, most of the specimens (all 

 the larger ones) show stages in budding, while none bear any trace of 

 gonads. The buds, as is usual in the Anthomedusae, are borne on the walls 

 of the manubrium, and in the larger specimens crowd it densely (PI. 43, 

 fig. 6). In its details the process of budding presents no remarkable fea- 

 tures, but agrees closely with similar stages in the Atlantic C. nigritina. It 

 is of importance to know that this method of sexual reproduction occurs 

 in C. vulgaris, since it allows us to look at its geographic distribution from a 

 point of view quite different from that to which we must needs be limited, 

 did we suppose its only mode of multiplication to be the sexual process 

 with a fixed hydroid stage. Knowing that budding does occur, it is not 

 surprising that the species is found to range over the whole Tropical Pacific 

 and Indian oceans. 



Color. — In life the coloration of this species is brilliant. The en- 

 todermic core of both tentacles and tentacular bulbs is deep salmon or 

 chocolate red, their ectodermic sheaths pale lemon yellow; manubrium pale 

 salmon red. This does not altogether agree with the account given by 

 Agassiz and Mayer, for they found only the basal bulbs of the tentacles and 

 the base of the proboscis red, the tips of both organs being greenish ; but 

 since their account was taken from small specimens it is probable that the 

 difference is due to difference in the stage of development. The descrip- 

 tions of Maas (:05) and Browne (: 05 b ) were taken from preserved material 

 in which most of the color had been lost. 



