STKEPSILID.E — THE TURNSTONES — STREPSILAS. 119 



Com. Char. Lower parts (except jugiilum), upper part of rump, upper tail-coverts, and greater 

 wiug-coverts, pure white ; reniaiiuler of plumage dusky, sometimes variegated willi white, or wliite 

 and rufous. 



iS. interpres. 



1. S. interpres. Throat always white. Adult: Upper parts more or less mixed with rufous, 



especially in winter plumage, when this color prevails in large patches ; head mostly 

 white ; jugulum uniform deep black. Yotmg ; Head mostly dusky ; upper parts without 

 rufous, but with ocliraceous edgings ; jugulum mottled dusky. Wing, about 6.00 ; cul- 

 men, .80-90 ; tarsus, 1.00; middle toe, .75. Hah. Entirely cosmopolitan, but aflecting 

 1 liiilly tile sea-coasts. 



2. S. melanocephalus. Tliroat always dusky. Ail idt in summer : Upper parts unifurni bronzy 



brownish black ; head, neck, and jugulum, black, with white streaks on forehead and 

 jugulum, and large spot of same on lores. Adult iu winter: Similar, but head, neck, 

 and jugulum, smoky brownish, and without white markings. Young: Similar to the 

 winter ]jlumage, but head, etc., more grayish, the feathers of upper parts bordered termi- 

 nally with pale buff, or w^hitish. Wing, 8.80-9.10 ; culmen, .85-1.00; tarsus, H)0-1.10 ; 

 middle toe, .90. Uab. Northwest coast of North America. ' 



Strepsilas interpres. 



TURNSTONE. 



Tringa inter2>rcs, LlXX. S. N. eJ. 10, 1758, I. 14S ; ed. 12, I. 1766, 248. — WiLS. Am. Orn. VII. 1813, 

 32, pi. Ivii. 



Strepsilas interpres, Illig. Prodr. 1811, 263. — SwaIxNS. F. B. A. II. 1831, 371. — Nutt. M.an. Water 

 Bds. 1834, 30. — AuD. Oni. Biog. IV. 1838, 31, pi. 304 ; Synop. 1839, 227 ; Birds .Am. V. 1842, 

 231, pi. 323. — Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 701; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, no. 515. — CouEs, Key, 

 1872, 246 ; Check List, 1873, no. 406 ; 2d ed. 1881, no. 598. — Ridgw. Nom. "N. Am. B. 1882, 

 no. 509. 

 ■Morinella interpres, Stejx. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 4, 1882, 32. 



Tringa morinellus, LiNX. S. N. 1. 1766, 249 (=: young). 



Strepsilas collaris, Tem.\i. Man. II. 1820, 553. 



" C^uiradrius cinclus, Pallas" (Baikd, I. e. ). 



Hab. Sea-coa.sts of nearly all countries ; in America, from Greenland and Alaska to Chili 

 and Brazil ; in the interior, more or less common along the shores of the Great Lakes and larger 

 rivers. 



Sp. Char. Adult : Chin and throat, a large loral patch, another covering terminal half of the 

 auriculars, border of the pileum, and large transverse patch on each side of the jugulum, white ; 

 stripe from the frontlet to the eye, squarish patch beneath the eye, malar stripe, side of the neck, 

 jugulum, and sides of the breast, uniform black, all these markings confluent and sharply defined. 



