CUARADKIIDJE — THE PLOVERS — CHARADRIUS. 139 



Sp. Chab. Lining of the wing and axillars always pure white ; tibia; naked for only about 

 half the length of the tai-sus, or lees. Adult in summer : Above dusky black, every wliere spotted 

 with bright ochre-yellow, the wijigs with both the ground-color and the markings paler ; primaries, 

 primary-coverts, and aluhe, plain brownish-slale, with a narrow terminal margin of while ; about 

 the terminal half of the sliafts of tlie quills also white ; tail grayish slate, with rather narrow 

 oblique bars of white, these tinged with yellow on the middle feathers. Entire side of head, up 

 to the upper edge of the lores and auriculars, chin, and foreueck uniform dull black or dusky ; this 

 extending downward over the middle of the jugulum, gradually narrowing, until below it forms a 

 stripe only a little more tlian half an inch wide, but, suddenly expanding, covers the entire lower 

 breast, abdomen, and anal region. Forehead and superciliary stripe white, this continued down- 

 ward along the edge of the black, gradually widening below, until, where the black becomes nar- 

 rowest, the white measures nearly one inch in width. Sides of the breast (i)osterior to and above 

 the white) spotted and barred black and ochre-yellow ; crissuni mostly white. Bill black ; iris 

 dark brown ; legs and feet bluish gray (M.\chillivray). Winter plumaye : Upper parts as in sum- 

 mer, but the yellow markings more golden ; black of lower jiart,*, throat, etc., replaced by light 

 grayish, spotted and streaked with darker, tlie throat and abdomen immaculate white. Younrj : 

 Above spotted dusky and ochre-j'eUow, nuudi as in the adult ; lower parts as in the winter adult, 

 but jugulum and sides of breast strongly sufl'u.sed with light ochre-yellow. Boumtj younrj : " Bright 

 golden, varied with black on the head and back, the hind part of the neck bright yellow ; a spot 

 under the eye, and under surface of the body pure white" (Dresser). 



Total length about 10.50 ; extent, 22.00. Wing, about 7.00; culmen, .90 ; tarsus, 1..50-l.fiO; 

 middle toe, 1.00. 



Except in the pure white axilkirs and under wing-coverts, there is little in the coloration of 

 this sjiecies to distinguish it from the American C. dominicus and its Asiatic representative, C. 

 fulvus. It is more golden above, however, though some specimens of G. fulvus are as much marked 

 with this color. 



Charadrius dominicus. 



THE AMERICAN GOLDEN PLOVER. 



Charadrius dominicus, Mijllek, Syst. Nat. Suppl. 1776, 116. — Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 



1864, 241. — RiDGW. Noui. N. Am. B. 1S81, no. 515. — CouEs, Check List, 2d ed. 1882, 



no. 581. 

 Charadrius pluvialis, Wil.son, Am. Oni. VII. 1813, 71, pi. 50, fig. 5 (nee Lin'N".). — Swains. & 



Rich. F. B. A. IL 1831, 369. — Nutt. Man. II. 1834, 16. — Aud. Orn. Biog. III. 1835, 623. 

 Charadrius virginicus, "^oRCKnxvs^'s aud Bechstein," Light. Verz. Doubl. 1823, no. 729. — 



Cassix, in Baird's B. N. Ani. 1858, 690. — Baird, Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, no. 503. 

 Charadrius fulvus, var. virginicus, CouE.s, Key, 1872, 243; Check List, 1874, no. 390, Birds N. W. 



1874, 449 (synonymy). 

 Charadrius mnrnwratas, Wagl. Syst. Av. 1827, no. 42. — AuD. Oru. Biog. V. 1839, 575, pi. 300 ; 



Synop. 1839, 222 ; Birds Am. V. 1842, 203, pi. 316. 

 Charadrius fulvus arMricanus, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Cursores, 1865, 53. 



H.^B. America in general, from the Arctic coast (including Greenland) to Paraguay and Chili ; 

 breeding in the Arctic and Suliarctic districts, winter migrant to southern localities. 



Sp. Char. Bill rather short, legs moderate, wings long, no hind toe, tarsus covered before and 

 behind with small circular or hexagonal scales. Summer plumafje : LTpper parts brownish black, 

 with numerous small circular and irregular spots of golden yellow, most numerous on the back 

 and rump, and on the upper tail-coverts, assuming the form of transverse bands genenilly ; also 

 with some spots of ashy white. Entire under parts black, with a brownish or bronzed lustre, 

 under tail-coverts mixed or barred with white. Forehead, border of the black of the neck, under 

 tail-coverts, and tibia;, white ; axillary feathers cinereous; quills dark brown ; middle portion of 

 the shafts white, frequently extending slightly to the webs and forming longitudinal stripes on the 

 shorter quills ; tail dark brown, with numerous irregular bands of ashy white, and frequently 

 tinged with golden yellow ; bill black ; legs dark bluish brown. Winter plumage {young and 



