SC0LU1'AL'1D.K — THE SNIPE FAMILY. 179 



8. Arquatella. Tarsus shorter than tlie niiildle toe and claw ; toes slender, the middle two 



third.- to three fourths as long as the lull ; bill slender, much compressed, straight, or 

 very slightly decurved at the end ; size mediiini (wing less than 6.00). 



9. Actodromas. Tai-sus about equal to the bill ; bill straight, moderately slender ; toes 



slender, the middle one decidedly shorter than the tarsus ; size medium to very small. 



10. Pelidua. Bill very long (nearly as long as the tarsus and middle toe), decidedly decurved 



teniiiiially ; toes slender, the middle one decidedly .shorter than the tarsus. 

 1." No hind toe. 



11. Calidris. Size rather small ; bill short, straight, expanded at end. 



c. Feathers of forehead not reaching to nostril ; a web between outer and middle toes at base 



(between all in Hijmphemia). 

 2.' Gape not extending behind the base of the cuhueii. 



12. Iiimosa. Size large (wing 8.00 or more) ; bill much longer than tarsus, tapering toward 



the end, where slightly but decidedly upturned, the lateral groove extending nearly to 

 the tip. 

 2." Gape extending decidedly behind the base of the culmen. 



3.' Lateral groove of the maxilla extending scarcely more than half way to end of liill. 

 4.' Back of tarsus covered with transverse scutellse, as in front. 



13. Totanus. No web between inner and middle toes ; middle toe not more than 



half as long as tarsus ; size medium to large (but wing always less than 8 inches). 



14. Rhyacophilus. Similar to Totanus, but middle toe nearly as long as tarsus. 



15. Symphemia. A well-developed web between base of inner and middle toes; a 



large white patch on base of primaries ; size large (wing more than 8 inches). 

 4." Back of tarsus covered with small roundish scales. 



l(i. Heteroscelus. No web between base of inner and middle toes ; size medium (wing 

 less than s inches). 

 3." Lateral groove of maxilla extending nearly to tip of bill. 



17. Machetes. Size large fwing V inches or more) ; tail .short (less than half the 



wing), rounded. Adult $ with the neck ruffed, and anterior portion of head 

 ban-. 



18. Bartramia. Size large (wing nearly 7 inche.^) ; tail lengthened (more than half 



the wing), graduated. Adult $ without ruff, the anterior part of the head nor- 

 mally feathered. 



19. Tringoides. Size small (wing less than 4. .50) ; tail rather lengthened (more than 



half the wing), graduated. 



d. Feathers of the forehead reaching to and partly enclosing the nostril ; anterior toes all cleft at 



the base. 



20. Tryngites. Size small (a little larger than Trinijoides) ; bill small and slender (shorter 



than the head, about equal to the middle toe), the lateral groove reaching nearly to the 

 tip ; gape reaching back of the base of the culmen ; middle toe more than half as long 

 as the tarsus ; inner webs of quills and under primary-coverts beautifully speckled. 



D. 



21. Eurynorhynchus. Size small (among the smallest of the family) ; bill widely expandeil 



laterally at the end ; otherwise, much as in Acfodronms. 



E. 



22. Numenius Size large to very large (wing 8 inches or more) ; bill long (mtich longer 



than tarsus), decidedly decurved or arched. 



