PHALAROPODID^ — THE PHALAROPES — PHALAROPUS. 327 



strwikctl, like tin; back ; white on side of head iicjt H'ell defined. Female, with the crown uniform 

 Iilunibeous-black or dark i)lunibeoti3, the white on side of the head surrcjuiiding the eyes, and 

 abruptly defined, the nape unstreaked ciimamon and plumbeous. Adult and young in muter: 

 Head, neck, and lower parts pure white, the occiput and a space partlj' or completely surrounding 

 the eyes dark plumbeous. Upper parts uniform fine pearl-gray or light bluish plumbeous, the 

 remiges slate-color. Young, Jird plumage : Crown, nape, back, and scapulars dull black, the 

 feathers edged with ochracenus ; wing-coverts, rump, and upper tail-coverts plumbeous, the middle 

 coverts bordered with pale buff, tlie tail-coverts with ochraceous. Head (except crown) and lower 

 parts generally, white ; the throat and jugulum suffused with brownish buff. Dovmy young: 

 Above, bright tawny buff, marked with broad irregular stripes of black ; superciliary stripes bright 

 tawny buff, separated only by a narrow and sometimes interrupted dusky streak ; pileum bright 

 raw-uniber brown, bordered exteriorly with black ; chin and throat light fidvous-buff, changing 

 to smoky buft' on jugulum ; rest of lower parts dull whitish. 



Total length, about 7.50 inches ; wing, about 5.25 to 5.50 ; culmen, .80 to .95 ; tarsus, .80 to 

 .85 ; middle toe, .75 to .80. 



ffliiP«M'''- 



In very many respects the habits, movements, and distribution of the Eed Phal- 

 arope appear to be very nearly identical with those of Lohlpes hijperboreus. Like that 

 species, it breeds in high Arctic regions, and is even much more decidedly Arctic in 

 its residence during the season of reproduction. It wanders, during the long period 

 that intervenes between these short seasons, irregularly over a large portion of the 

 northern hemisphere, having lieen traced to Calcutta, where a single specimen was 

 procured, and to Northern Africa, where also one was obtained in January l)y !Mr. 

 Tyrwhitt Blake (-'Ibis," 18G7). This species is also included by Middendorff among 

 the birds of Siberia, and is given as among those which penetrate to the extreme 

 north. It arrives with the Ked-neeked Phalarope on the Taimyr River, and the 

 two were equally common there and on the Boganida. In latitude 75° N. the last 

 was seen on the 15th of August, and its fresh eggs were obtained June 17th, and 

 half-fledged young ones July 25th (0. S.). The note of this bird resembles that of 

 the Northern Phalarope (Loliipes lobatus), but is even more Finch-like. 



In the English Arctic Expedition of lcS75-1876 this species was found breeding near 

 the " Alert's " winter-quarters (lat. 82° ,'17' N.), and Mr. Feilden obtained a specimen 

 there — a female — on the 30th of Jane, 1876. During the month of July he also 

 observed a pair f)n a small fresh-water pond in latitude 82° 30' N., where they were 

 apparently breeding. The female was larger and brighter-colored than the male. 

 Several other examples were seen in the same neighborhood by various members of 

 the Expedition. 



According to Mr. Kumlien, this is the "Whale-bird" and '-Bow-head Bird" of 

 whalemen. He met with large flocks of this species at great distances from land; 

 in one instance, on August 4th, in latitude 41°, longitude 68° W. Their numbers in- 

 creased as he proceeded north, and at a distance of two hundred miles from the Lab- 

 rador coast he noticed them in a gale iu very large flocks. He states that this bird 



