PHALAROrODID.E — THE PIIALAROPES — LOBIPES. 331 



less rut'oLis. Female, with the sides of the neck and jngidiuu uniform linnaniou-mfous, the phmi- 

 beous iibove pure and uontinuous. Male, with the rufous confined chieHy to the sides of the neck, 

 the juguluni lieing mixed while and grayish, tinged with rufous ; plumbeous above duller and less 

 continuous than in. the female. Young, first plumage : Crown plumbeous-dusky, with or without 

 streaks ; back and scapulars black, distinctly streaked with buff or ochraceous ; wings as in adult, 

 but middle coverts bordere<l with Inilf or whitish. Forehead, supra-auricular stripe, lores, and 

 lower parts white, the jugulum and sides of breast sometimes suffused with dull brownisli ; auricu- 

 lars dusky. Doimiy young : Above, bright tawny, tlie rump with three parallel stripes of black, 



T, 



enclosing two of lighter fulvous than the ground-color ; crown covered by a triangular patch of 

 mottled darker brown, bounded irregulaily witli blackish ; a black line over ears, not reaching to 

 the eye; throat and rest of head liglit tawny fulvous ; rest of lower parts white, becoming grayish 

 posteriorly. 



Total length, about 7.00 inches ; wing, 4.00-4.45 ; culmen, .80-90 ; tarsus, .75-. 8.5 ; middle 

 toe, .65-. 75. 



There is no specimen in the Smithsonian Collection representing the winter plumage of this 

 species ; but this stage is thus descriljed by Naumann, in " Die Vogel Deutschlands " (Vol. VIII. 

 pp. 244, 245) : " The \vinter plumage, which they take after the young plumage, seldom appears in 

 full, and such young birds are yet moulting when another, the spring moulting, sets in. Even old 

 birds are seldom found in full winter plumage, because the autumnal moulting goes on very slowly. 

 The few new feathers which are often found in those killed in late autumn seem to have been over- 

 looked, since a description of them can nowhere be found, although they appear quite different from 

 those of the young, and even of the summer plumage. I have a specimen in which almost the whole 

 plumage has been renewed, and which, therefore, has almost completely taken its winter plumage. 

 It is strikingly different from the other plumages. The forehead, a stripe over the eye extending 

 through the temples, bridles, chin, thi'oat, cheeks (mostly), foreneck, breast, and belly to the tail 

 pure white ; the crown gi'ay, with bluish-white scales with black stripes on shafts ; a little spot 

 before the eye black ; a strip under the eye, somewhat more extended over the auricular region, 

 blackish and whitish gray mingled ; the hind neck light bluish gray, with a few somewhat darker 

 spots ; the sides of the jugulum clouded with pale gray, with a yellowish-brown wash ; upper back, 

 shoulders, and binder wing-feathers gray, toward the roots of the feathers darkest, approaching 

 blacki.sh brown, with black shafts and broad bluish- white borders, by which the whole gains the 

 appearance of being deep gray, with grayish-white scales. The middle tail-feathers also have dull 

 white borders, and are, besides, like the upper Uiil-coverts, rump, or lower back, blackish brown- 

 gray; the latter, however, with only a few light borders to the feathers. All the rest is like the 

 young plumage, but with the wing-coverts somewhat lighter, in old birds intermixed with feathera 

 the color of the shoulder-feathers (scapulars)." 



Examples vary considerably in the clearness and sharp definition of the colors, even those in 

 the down differing much in this respect, some being pale yellowish, and others deep rusty fulvous ; 

 the latter extreme being represented by a specimen from the region of Hudson's Bay. the former 

 by examples from the Prybilof Lslands, Alaska. As, however, several from the latter locality vary 

 among themselves, the difference is perhaps purely individual. 



