RALLID/E — TIIK RAILS — RALLUS. 361 



so mauy rats, aud taking refuge among the thickest of the bushes, not showing them- 

 selves as long as there was any apparent danger. An adult specimen aud a young 

 bird recently hatched were obtained July 21. The .stomach of the former contained 

 a portion of a crab and a fi^w shells. The young bird was completely clothed in 

 black down with a grccuisli glo.ss. 



Lcotaud gives tliis as one of the most common birds of Trinidad, and as being 

 by far the most abundant of tlie Kails. It is always found among the mangroves, 

 aud never leaves the border of the sea. As it moves it always holds its head erect 

 and its tail elevated, fear rather than pride seeming to be the moving cause of these 

 positions. It always seems apprehensive of danger, stopping every moment to watch 

 and to listen, and if seriously threatened concealing itself behind a mangrove-clump, 

 or taking to flight. It then lowers its head, extends its neck horizontally, and starts 

 off with the ra[)idity of an arrow. When nothing appears to disturb it or to attract 

 its attention, it seems to manifest sportive impulses, uttering its very peculiar rolling 

 cry. Other birds take up and repeat the refrain, until the whole swamp resounds 

 with the clamor, which may be heard to a great distance. This bird will respond 

 readily to a decoy-cry, and is iiot frightened at the sight of the hunter if the latter 

 keeps motionless ; in this way it may be readily obtained. It is much hunted for, as 

 although its iiesh is not of the nicest quality, it is considered fairly good. 



In many parts of the country this bird is generally known as the " Meadow-hen." 

 It is essentially a southern species, resident throughout the year south of the Poto- 

 mac, hardly known beyond Long Island, and rare even there. Giraud states that it 

 is, however, abundant on the sea-coast of New Jersey, and that in some seasons it 

 occTirs in considerable numbers on the salt-marshes along the soutli shore of Long 

 Island, which it reaches about the 1st of May, remaining until the latter part of 

 September, and a few continuing even as late as October. 



I am, however, informed liy Mr. J. H. Batty that, having for some time suspected 

 that this species remains on Long Island during the winter, he obtained positive evi- 

 dence of the fact in at least one — perhaps excep>tional — instance. On the 4th of 

 February, 1873, having been informed that a "Meadow-hen" had been seen on a 

 neighboring creek, he proceeded to the place with his gun and dog, and procured the 

 bird, which proved to be a fine adult male. 



This species is said to be confined almost entirely to low wet marshes, hiding in 

 the reeds and rank grass. It can seldom be seen flying, and seems when pursued to 

 depend for escape on its power of running. Its speed is very rapid, and with its 

 thin compressed body it is able to pass tlirough the grass so quickly that it is soon 

 out of sight and danger. In Long Island it breeds in the latter part of May, placing 

 the nest on the meadows, and usually building it so high tliat it may be readily dis- 

 covered. This is attributed to the danger from higli tides. The eggs are esteemed 

 a great delicacy and are much sought after, the number found in a nest being usually 

 ten, of a pale clay-color, finely dotted with purple. If in making a short excursion 

 in the water this bird becomes suddenly alarmed, it instantly disappears by diving, 

 or, if near the bank, by hiding in the grass. If far from the shore it will cling to the 

 roots of the grass, where it will sometimes remain a surprisingly long while. It is 

 not usually pursued by sportsmen except when the meadows are overflowed by the 

 unusual high tides, which occiu- after the wind has been blowing heavily from the 

 southeast. Hunters take advantage of these occasions, and pushing a skiff over the 

 sunken meadows, drive the Kails from their retreats, often obtaining them in large 

 numbers. As this bird is slow in its flight and moves in a straight line, it becomes 

 an easy mark when there is nothing to obstruct the sight, and may be very readily 



VOL. I. — 46 



