GRUID.K — THE CRANES — GRUS. 403 



shore to the very tops of the wooded mountaius. Gosse esteemed it the best wild-fowl 

 of the country. 



Mr. W. T. IMareh, of Spanishtown, Jamaica, furnishes the following full and 

 particular account of its habits : — 



" The Clurking-heu appears more closely allied to the Land than it is to the Water Birds. It Is found 

 in all parts of the island, and is now very eoninion in the lowland districts of the South llidlanil parishes, 

 along gully courses, and near wet, marshy lands. It is often seen and heard in the driest seasons about the 

 gullies in the vicinity of Spanishtown. It roosts on trees and breeds on the ground, like the Connuou 

 Fowl — in the lowlands, usually in Penguin fences. It lays eight or more eggs, and these measure 2i by 

 15 of an inch ; the ground-color rufous, splashed at the large end with small bumt-oehre spots ; and I 

 have had eggs taken from April to November. The flesh is tender and well flavored, but a strong preju- 

 dice e.\ists against it from the prevailing, though I believe erroneous, opiuion.that it feeds on snakes and 

 lizards. I have never found in its stomach any other food than snails, slugs, portions of small crabs, and 

 wood-worms {Ballandia palmaria). The junks of snakes referred to by Robinson were probably large 

 slugs. One of my collectors, however, assures me that he has fotmd a young snake and lizards in them ; 

 and a voung sportsman lately told me, in support of his assertion that it does not confine itself to the food 

 I have mentioned, that whilst beating u]) a gully-course he shot a White-belly Dove, and that as soon as 

 the bird fell to the ground, and notwitlistanding the report of the gun, a Clucking-hen deliberately came 

 down the bank and endeavored to carry off the Dove. It feeds late and early, and has been considered a 

 night-feeder. I have often heard that the Arami are to be seen on moonlight nights stalking about the 

 water-flashes at Papage Fort and Great Salt Pond, feeding on the small crabs and snails abounding at cer- 

 tain seasons in those localities ; but from my own observations I believe the birds thus seen were Night 

 Herons. Another opinion which I believe to be erroneous is, that it broods like the Barn-door Fowl. The 

 foot of this bird does not, however, seem to be very well adapted to scratching the ground, the bill 

 appearing more useful in securing and preparing the food it lives on." 



An egg of this species in the Smithsonian Collection (Xo. 8521) has a rounded oval 

 shape, one end being only very slightly less roiinded than the other. It measures 2.20 

 inches in length by 1.5;i in breadth. Its ground-color is a dark grayish white with 

 a light wash of sepia, and marked with a few scattered blotches of a darker sepia. 

 Over the extreme of the larger end these are more marked and numerous, and nearly 

 cover it. This egg was procured in Cuba by Dr. Gundlach. 



Family G-RUID^. — The Ceanes. 



The diagnosis of this family has already been given on page .350. The species 

 are all of very large size, and inhabit grassy plains as well as marshes. The bill is 

 moderately long ; the nostrils broad and pervious, the nasal groove extending but 

 little beyond them. The legs are long, but the toes are short ; the hind toe is very 

 short and much elevated, the claw scarcely touching the ground. 



The genera are few in number, but one, Gi-n.f, belonging to North America. 



Genus GRUS, Pallas. 

 Grus, Pall. Misc. Zool. 1766, 66 (type, Ai-den grus, L.). 



Char. Bill lengthened, straight, the upper mandible only slightly decurved at tlie extreme 

 tip ; the commissure and other outlines straight. Nasal groove very large and open, extending 

 over the basal two thirds of the hill. Nostrils broadly open, pervious ; the anterior extremity half 

 way from the tip of bill to eye. The upper half of the head naked, warty, but with short hairs. 



Legs much lengthened ; toes short, hardly more than one third the tarsus. Inner toe rather 



