ANSERIX^ — THE GEESE — BEHNICLA. 455 



2. B. bernicla. 'WinK, 12.30-13.()() inches ; culmen, 1.20-1.50 ; tarsus, 2.10-2.40 ; middle toe 



1.70-2.10. White of the ueck coiitined to two broken (.streaked) patche.s on each side. 

 Above, brownish gray., the feathei's narrowly tipped with giayish white ; wing-coverts 

 nearly uniform, more bluish gray ; remiges, rump, middle upper taU-coverts, and rectrices, 

 brownish black ; terminal and lateral ujiper tail-coverts, crissum, and anal region white ; 

 lower parts pale gray, the feathers tipped witli grayish white, abruptly and strongly con- 

 tra.sted with the black of the jugulum, and fading insensibly into the wliite of the anal 

 region. Ifah. Sea-coasts of Europe and Eastern North America ; rare inland. 



3. B. nigricans. Wing, 12.70-13.50 inches ; culmen, 1.20-1.35 ; tarsus, 2.20-2.50; middle toe, 



1.811-2.00. \\'liile of the neck forming a distinct collar, interrupted only behind. Above, 

 nearly uniform ilark sooty In-own ; tail-coverts, etc., white, and remiges, etc., black, as in 

 B. brenta ; lower parts dark sooty plumbeous (much like the upper parts in hrenla), nearly 

 as dark as, Ijut abruptly defined against, the black of the jugulum, as well as the white of 

 the crissum ; feathers of the sides and flanks tipped with grayish white. Ilah. Western 

 districts of Arctic America, south in winter to Lower CaUfomia ; accidental on Atlantic 

 coast. 

 Head mostly white, the lores, occiput, neck, and jugulum black. 



4. B. leucopsis. Wing, 14.90-16.90 inches ; cidmen, 1.10-1.45 ; tarsus, 2.50-3.00 ; middle 



toe, 1.9i>-2. 10. Above, silvery gray, the feathers marked with a broad subtermiual bar 

 of black and narrow tip of white ; remiges, rump, and tail black ; upper tail-coverts, anal 

 region, and crissum white ; lower parts grayish white, darker on the sides and flanks. 

 Hah. Sea-coasts of Northern Europe, but occa-sional along Atlantic coast of North America 

 (Hudson's Bay, Long Island, Currituck Sound, N. C, etc.). 



Bernicla canadensis. 



a. Canadensis. THE CANADA GOOSE. 



Anas canadensis, LrsTt. S. X. I. 1766, 198. — Wils. Am. Orn. VIII. 1814, 52, pi. 67, f. 4. 



Anser caimdensis, Vieill. Enc. Metli. 1823, 114. — Sw. & Rich. F. B. A. II. 1831, 468. — Nutt. 



Man. II. 1834, 349.— AuD. Orn. Biog. 111. 1835, 1; V. 1839, 607, pi. 201; Synop. 1839, 270 ; 



B. Am. YI. 1843, 178, pi. 376. 

 Bernicla canadensis, BoiE, Isis, 1826, 921. — Baikd, B. N. Am. 1858, xlix. 764 ; Cat. N. Am. B. 



1859, no. 567. — RiDGW. Nom. N. Am. B. 1881, no. 594. — Coues, Check List, 2d ed. 1882, 



no. 702. 

 Branla canadensis, B.A.XNIST. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1870, 131. — CorEs, Key, 1872, 283 ; Check 



List, 1873, no. 485 ; Birds N. W. 1874, 554. 

 ? Bernicla Bamsioni, Ross, Canad. Nat. VII. Apr. 1862, 152. 



0. Occidentalis. THE WESTERN GOOSE. 



Bernicla occidentalis, Baiiid, B. N. Am. 1S58, 766 (in te.xt); Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, no. 567 a. 

 Bernicla canadensis, var. occidentalis, Dall. & B.\y>"isT. Tr. Chicago Acad. I. 1869, 295. 

 Bernicla cavMdensis occidentalis, Rinow. Pr. V. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 3, 1880, 203 ; Nom. N. Am. B. 

 1881, no. 594 c. 



y. Hutchinsi. HTTTCHINS'S GOOSE. 



Anas bernicla, var. b. Rich. App. Parry's Vog. 368. 



Anser Hutchinsi, Sw. & Rich. F. B. A. II. 1831, 470. — Nutt. Man. II. 1834, 362. — Orn. Biog. 



III. 183-), 226, pi. 277 ; Synop. 1839, 271 : B. Am. VI. 1843, 198, pl. 377. 

 Bernicla Hutchinsi, Woonn. Sitgr. Exp. 1853, 102. —Baikd, B. N. Am. 1858, pp. xlix. 766; Cat. 



N. Am. B. 1859, no. 569. 

 Brajita Hutchinsi, Ban.n-ist. Pr. .\c. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1870, 131. 

 Branta caiiadcnsis, var. Hutchinsi, C'OUES, Key, 1872, 284. 

 Branta canadensis, c. Hutchinsi, CorEs, B. N. W. 1874, 554. 

 Bernicla canadensis Hutchinsi, Ridgw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 3, 1880, 203 ; Nom. N. Am. B. 1881, 



no. 594 o. — OofEs, Check List, 2d ed. 1882, no. 704. 



