488 LAMELLIROSTEAL SWIMMERS — ANSERES. 



end, where the edge of the maxilla overhangs the mandible on each side ; behind this, 

 the fine lamellae completely exposed. Otherwise niuch like Querquedula (the wings colored 

 exactly the same), hut larger. 



8. Aix. Bill much shorter than the heail, deep through the base, depressed terminally, the 



edges gently convex, and converging terminally ; nail very large ; base of the maxilla 

 produced backward and upward into an elongated angle, extending on each side the fore- 

 head nearly half-way to the eye. Tail lengthened, composed of broad, rounded feathers. 

 Male with a full, elegant pendant crest of silky feathers. 

 B. Hind toe furnished with a membraneous lobe. 



a. Bill broad, depressed terminally ; tail short, the feathers moderately rigid, rounded at ends, 

 and more than half concealed by the coverts (JPulujidm). 



9. Fuligula. Bill decidedly broadest at liase, much depressed terminally, the vertical thick- 



ness just behind the nail being only about one fourth that at the base ; nail large and 

 very broad. Adult male with the head rufous, the pileum ornamented by a full and very 

 soft, bush}', rounded crest. 



10. Pulix. Bill about as long as the inner toe (with claw), tlie nail small and narrow. Head 

 and neck black in adult males, 



11. .ffiythyia. Bill longer than inner toe, with claw. Head and neck reddish in adult males. 

 6. Bill shorter than the head, rather compressed, the depth through the base considerably exceed- 

 ing the width near the end ; terminal portion of the bill not at all depressed. Tail as in 

 Fidigul(B (the central pair of reetrices much elongated in Harelda). {Clangtdce.') 



12. Clangula. Bill much shorter than the head, compressed, and tapering, lioth laterally and 

 vertically, to the end, the nail small and narrow. Plumage chiefly black and white in the 

 male ; grayish and wbite, with brown head, -in the female. 



13. Histrionlcus. Bill as in Clangula, but the nail very large and broad, forming the end 

 of the bill, the rictus overhung by a small wrinkled membrane. Color plumbeous, with 

 white collar and other bands and markings, in the male ; dull grayish brown, with white 

 spots on head, in female. 



14. Harelda. Bill much shorter than the head, nearly as broad as deep, the nail large and 

 broad, the feathering at the base fornring a nearly straight line running obliquely from 

 the base of the culmen to the rictus.^ Middle pair of reetrices and posterior scapulars 

 ranch elongated and lanceolate in the male. Colors variable. 



15. Eniconetta. Bill shorter than the head, much compressed, the edges of the maxilla 

 inflexed so as partly to inclose the mandible ; nail very large and broad, forming the end 

 of the bill, which is not at all " hooked." Male with the feathers of the lores and occiput 

 stiff and bristly, the tertials strongly falcate, the plumage beautifully variegated ; female 

 dull chestnut-brownish, variegated with black. 



16. Camptolaemus. Bill nearly as long as the head, the edges of the maxilla furnished 

 terminally with a thickened membraneous appendage, the base of the maxilla encased 

 with overlying skin, including the nostrils. Feathers of the cheeks stiffened and bristly. 

 Color black and white (bead, neck, jugulum, and wings chiefly wliite, under parts, ring 

 round lower neck, and other parts Ijlack) in the male ; nearly unil'orm brownish-]iIumbeous 

 in the female. 



c. Bill shorter than the head, tapering both laterally and vertically toward the end ; the base 

 of the maxilla continued in a lengthened angle or broad lobe on each side of the fore- 

 head, or else (in Aretoiictta) densely feathered as far forward as the nostril. Males with 

 areas of stiff, bristly, greenish feathers about the head, the tertials strongly falcate, the 

 plumage chiefly white and black, or plumbeous. Females brownish, barred with black 

 (SomaferuTi). 



17. Arctonetta. Feathering at base of the maxilla extending as far forward as the nostril, 

 and forming a continuous oblique line from the culmen to the rictus ; feathers of the 

 lores dense and velvety ; eyes surrounded by a dense roundish "cushion" of short, soft, 

 velvety feathers. 



1 In some specimens there is a distinct feathered angle projecting toward the nostril, the bare skin of 

 the bill forming an obtuse angle .ibove it. 



