ANATINyE — THE DUCKS — 5IARECA. 517 



ground-color of the dorsal region, sides, and flanks, whitish. Wing, 10.00-11.00 inches ; 

 culmen, 1.35-1.45 ; taKiis, 1. 45-1. 60 ; middle toe, 1.65-1.75. Hah. Pula;arctic Kegion ; 

 occasional in Eastern North America, more frequent in Alaska. 



2. M. americana. Head and neck whitish, speckled with l)lack, and with a dark metallic- 



t'rei'U sjiacu on the side of the occiput (sometimes continued down the nape) ; ground- 

 color of the dorsal region, side.s, and flanks, vinaceous or pinki.^h cinnamon. Wing, 

 10.25-10.75 inches; cidmen, 1.30-1.50; tarsus, 1.4.5-1.65; middle toe, 1.65-1.85. Ilab. 

 North America. 

 B. Speculum wholh' velvety black ; juguluni and anterior part of back black, irregularly barred 

 with white ; sides and flanks light rufous; scapulars and back black, the feathers widely 

 bordered with white ; crissum white, tinged with rufous. Tail-feathers not acuminate, 

 the middle pair scarcely projecting. 



3. M. sibilatrix.' Forehead, lores, and cheeks white, the latter finely barred with dusky ; 



posterior part of the crown and middle of the occiput (longitudinally) browni.sh dusky ; 

 a space of metallic green, varying to violet-purple on each side the occiput, from the eye 

 to the middle of the neck ; neck, including throat, dusky black. Wing, 10.40 inches ; 

 culmen, 1.50 ; tarsus, 1.60 ; middle toe, 1.80.^ Hab. Southern South America. 



Mareca penelope. 



THE EUROPEAN WIDGEON. 



Anas penelope, Liys. S. N. cd. 10, I. 1758, 120; ed. 12, 1. 1766, 202 (penelnpr). —f\Avy\. Yog. 



Deutschl. XI. 1842, 724, pi. 305. — Reinh. Ibis, III. 1861, 13 (Gi-eenlaiul). 

 Mareca penelope, Selbv, Br. Orn. II. 324. — Baiud, B. N. Am. 1858, 784; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, 



no. 586. — COUES, Pr. Es.sex lust. V. 1868, 299 (New England) ; Key, 1872, 268 ; Check List, 



1873, no. 492 ; 2a ed. 1882, no. 712 ; B. N. W. 1874, 564 (footnote). —Ridgw. Nom. N. Am. 



B. 1881, no. 606. 

 Anas cagolea, S. G. Gmel. Eeise, I. 1770, 77. 



Mareea fistularis, Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool. XII. ii. 1824, 131, pi. 50. 

 Wigeon, Y.4.HR. Brit. B. ed. 2, 111. 286, fig. ; ed. 3, III. 287, fig. ; et AuoT. 



Hab. Palsearctic Region in general, and occasional in Eastern North America (several 

 records — New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Florida, AVisconsin, etc.) ; breeding in 

 the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. 



1 Makeca sibil.wrix. The Chilian Widgeon. 



Anas sibilatrix, Poeppig, Fror. Not. 1829, 10, no. 539 (Chili). 



Mareca sihilatrix, Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. Apr. 4, 1876, 395 (monographic). 



Anas cUlmnsis, King, P. Z. S. 1830-1831, 15. 



Mareca chilcensis, Etton, Monog. Anat. 1838, 117, pi. 21. —Cass. U. S. Astr. E.xp. II. 1856, 



201. — ScL. &SALV. Nom. Neotr. 1873, 130. 

 Pat02nco peqiceilo, AzAP.A, Apunt. III. 1805, no. 432 (Buenos Ayrcs). 

 Atuxs parvirostris, Meukeji, Ersch. u. Grul). Enc. sect. i. x.xxv. 1841, 43 (ex Azap.a, 1. c). 



H.A.B. South America. 



This species differs from both M. penelope and M. americana in details of form and color, which, 

 however, are merely of specific importance. The hill is quite similar, though the commissure it more ele- 

 vated basally and more depressed in the middle, and its greatest width is through the base. The middle 

 tail-fe.athers are not more elongated than the rest, and tlie upper tail-coverts are less lanceolate. The color- 

 ation is yet more difterent, the only similarity being in the white wing-coveii patch, as in both M. ameri- 

 cana and J/. jKnelope, and the green space on the side of the occiput, as in the fonncr. The forehead, but 

 also the lores and cheeks, are white. In other respects it differs totally from the two northern species as 

 follows : Neck black ; jugiUum with broad transverse bars of blade and white ; sides and flanks plain 

 rufous ; upper tail-coverts immaculate white ; speculum plain opaque black ; crissum rusty. An adult 

 male measures as follows : wing, 10.30 inches ; tail, 4.50 ; culmen, 1.50 ; tarsus, 1.60; middle toe, 1.80 ; 

 width of bill, .70 — the size being thus about the same as that of M. penelope and M. anwricana. 

 - Only one example measured. 



