142 A REVISION OF THE ASTACDXE. 



The best illustrations of this species are Lereboullet's (under the name 

 Astacus longicornis). 



Klunziuger's memoir clearly brings out the specific characters of this 

 species and A. paltipes. 



Although a faint median rostral carina may exist in A. torrent 'him, it never 

 rises into a prominent sharp crest near the tip, as in A. palUpes. Commonly 

 there is no spine on the lower side of the first antennulary segment, but in a 

 specimen in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, without locality, I find it 

 quite well developed, as it always is in A. paltipes. 



I have examined the gills of this species in a specimen from Bohemia in 

 the l". S. National Museum, and find them to agree in number and disposi- 

 tion with those of A. paltipes. See page 110. 



Distribution. — Astacus torrentium is found in the central part of Europe, 

 especially in Germany ; but as it has been confounded generally by authors 

 with A. paltipes and A. fluviatilis, the data are insufficient to determine the 

 limits of its distribution. It is not found to the eastward within the territory 

 of Russia (Kessler). I have seen a specimen (in U. S. National Museum) 

 from Bohemia. It is widely spread through Bavaria and Wiirtemberg in the 

 mountain lakes, and in the brooks and rivers of the Danube and Neckar 

 river systems. Particular localities recorded in Bavaria are Wurm-See 

 (Schrank, op. cit., p. 247; Wolf, op. c/'f., p. 42 ; A. fliiviatitis also inhabits the 

 same lake) ; mountainous parts of Oberpfalz ; near Bodenstein ; also in the 

 Danube (Koch) and Kochel-See (Klunzinger). In Wiirtemberg it has been 

 found in the Neckar, the Nagold. and various small streams of the Neckar 

 and Danube basins (Klunzinger). It is also found in Alsace in the rivers HI 

 and Bruche, near Strasburg (Lereboullet). How far to the northward it ex- 

 tends in Germany, and whether it passes to the west into France, I cannot 

 determine. All the French specimens which I have seen are A. paltipes and 

 A. fluviatilis. On the whole, it would seem that A. torrentium is a form chiefly 

 found in the mountainous and upland regions of Central Europe. 



7. Astacus pallipes. 



■- / u astacus, Pennant, British Zoology, IV. K PI. XV. 6g. 27, l 7 ?r. 



F dstaci i i \' ii. Trans Linn. Sue. London, Vol. XI. IV II. p :ill. L815. (No description.) 



Astacus Jlu part), Milne Edwards, 1 1 i-. t Nat. Crust., [1.330, 1837. (First " variety " noted on 



\> 331.)- Cuvier's Regne Animal, Disciples' ed., Crustacls, PI. XLIX. fig. 2. 

 Luhlenkrebs, Lereboi mm. C ptes Etendus Acad, Sri. Paris, XXXIII 376, 1851. (Treated ;in a variety 



of / fluviatilis. ) 

 Astacus fluviatilis, Bell, Hist. British Stalk-eyed Crustacea, p. 237, with cut, 1S53. 



