A.STACUS. 145 



of Madrid are " altogether similar to those of Britain [A pallipes], except 

 that the subrostral spine is less developed." 



Crayfishes arc also said to be found in the neighborhood of Barcelona, 

 on the eastern coast of Spain (Gerstfeldt, op. ell., p. 587). I cannot find any 

 mention of them in Portugal. 



Astacus pallipes also inhabits England and Ireland, in which it is probably 

 the sole species. All the English and Irish specimens seen by Huxley 

 belong to this species (Huxley, op. oil., pp. 288, 298).* Bell's figure is cer- 

 tainly the same, and probably Pennant's as well, although concerning the 

 latter there may be some doubt. According to Huxley. " They are abun- 

 dant in some of our [English] rivers, such as the Isis and other affluents of 

 the Thames; and they have been observed in those of Devon;! but they 

 appear to be absent from many others. I cannot hear of any, for example, 

 in the Cam or the Ouse, on the east, or in the rivers of Lancashire t and 

 Cheshire, on the west. It is still more remarkable, that, according to the 

 best information I can obtain, they are absent in the Severn, though they 

 are plentiful in the Thames and Severn Canal. Dr. M'Intosh, who has paid 

 particular attention to the fauna of Scotland, assures me that crayfish are 

 unknown north of the Tweed." § 



Crayfishes are found in many localities in Ireland, where they would 

 seem to have been distributed to a greater or less extent by artificial means. || 

 Perhaps they are not indigenous in any part of the island. Some remarks of 

 Win. Thompson ^ point to the existence of two species in Ireland (A. fluviatiKs 

 and A. pallipes ?). 



A. pallipes is a burrowing species, being found in the winter, according to 

 Huxley, in holes in the banks of streams. The burrows may be more than 

 a yard deep.** In the neighborhood of Strasburg it is found in holes in the 

 canals (Lereboullet). 



* A torrentium of Huxley is A pallipes Lereb. 



f Moore, Mag. Nat. Hist., Nevi Series, 111. 289, 1839. 



% Then- are specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, from William Stimpson, said to have 

 come from the neighborhood of Liverpool. 

 § Huxley, op. cit., p. 288. 

 || W..i. Thompson, " The Crustacea of Ireland," Ann. Mag Nat. Hist., XI. 100, 1843. 



* op. cit., p. in?, foot-note. 

 ** Huxley, op. cit., p. 8. 



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