1-30 A REVISION OF THE ASTACID.E. 



commoner Southern species A. palUpes, which has been very generally con- 

 founded with A. fluvicdilis. 



The Astaci from the Spanish peninsula are probably A. paliipes, as well 

 as those of England and Ireland.* 



A. fluviatilis is also found in Denmark (Huxley, op. ctt., p. 299) and in 

 the Scandinavian peninsula. It appears to have been introduced artificially 

 into the latter, having been scarcely known in Sweden before the time 

 of John III. (1568-92). | From Sweden it has spread into Southeastern 

 Norway.^ 



9. Astacus leptodactylus. 



Astacus leptodactylus, Eschscholtz, Mem. Soc. Imper. Nat. Moscou, VI. 109, Tab. XVIII. , 1S23. 

 Astacus leptodactylus, Rathke, Mem. Acad. Imper. des Sci. St. Petersbourg, III. 359, Tab. IV. figs. 1, 2, 



ls:i7. (Separate, 1836.) 

 Astacus leptodactylus, var. Caspia, Eichwald, Bull. Soc. Imper. Nat. Moscou, 1838, p. IIS. — Fauna Caspio- 



Caucasia, p. 179, Tab. XXXVI. fig. 1, 1841. 

 Astacus leptodactylus, var. salinus, Nordmann, Observations sur la Faune Politique, in Demidoff's Voyage 



dans la Russie Merid. el la Crimee, Alias, Crustacea, Tab. I. (No date.§) 

 Astacus leptodactylus, Erichson, Arch. Naturgescb., XI. Jalirg., I. 90, 1846. 

 Astacus fluviatilis, var. leptodactylus, Gek.stfei.dt, Mem. Acad. Imper. des Sci. St. Petersbourg, IX. 55S, 



584, 1 s.V.i. 

 Astacus leptodactylus, Heller, Die Crustaceen des sudliclieu Europa, p. 215, Taf. VII. fig. 6, 1SC3. 

 Astacus leptodactylus, Kessler, Bull. Soc. Imper. Xat. Moscou, XLVIU. 249 [349], 1874. 

 Astacus leptodactylus, IItxley, Tbe Crayfish, p. 303, fig. 75 (after Kathkc), 1880. 

 Astacus leptodactylus, Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., XX. 157, 1884. 



Vak. angulosa. 



Astacus angnlosus, Rathke, Mem. Aead. Imper. des Sci. St. Petersbourg, III. 361, Tab. IV. fig. 3, 1S37. 



(Separate, 1836.) 

 Astacus angulosus, Erk iison-, Arch. Naturgescb., XI. Jahrg., I. 91, 1810. (After Rathke.) 

 Astacus fluviatilis, var. angulosus, GersTFELDT, Mem. Acad. Imper. des Sci. St. Petersbourg, IX. 503, 581, 



L8 i9 

 Astacus angulosus, Seller, Die Crustaceen des sudlichen Europa, p. 210. 1SG3. 



Astacus leptodactylus, var. anguhsus, Kesslkk, Bull. Soc. Imper. Nat. Moscou, XLVIII. 251 [351], 1^71. 

 Astacus. leptodactylus, var. angulosa, Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., XX. 157. L884, 



Distribution. — Astacus leptodactylus has the widest distribution of any of 

 the European species of Astacus. It is found in all the rivers that flow into 

 the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov on the north from the Danube to Mount 

 Caucasus, and in those that empty into the Caspian Sea as far east as the 

 Ural -Mountains and the Muchojar Hills in Western Siberia. If descends into 

 the brackish waters of the estuaries of the rivers that empty into the Black 



* See pp. 144, L45. f Linue. Fauna Suecica, |>. 858, 1710. 



X Q. O, Sars. Hist. Xat. des Crustaces d'Eau douce de Norvege. p. 11, L867. 

 § The text is daled L840 



