10 THE DISCOBOLI. 



vandi, 1613, also draws from them. Jonston, 1649, copies from Aldrovandi, 

 makes a reference to Pliny, and, agreeing with Belon, fixes the name on a 

 herring. Charleton, 1677, refers to Rondelet. Willughby, 1686, page 135, 

 Plate H 6, Fig. 8, is indebted to the same author; he also, page 115, applies 

 the name to a species of Gunnellus. In the Appendix is to be found the 

 first use of the name in connection with a member of the group in which 

 we are at present interested : " Liparis nostras, Dunelmensibus et Eboraccn- 

 sibus, The Sea Snail, i. e. Limax marinus dictus, Piscis Ronddeiiana Lipari 

 forte idem," page 17, in all likelihood refers to one or both of the species 

 now called Liparis liparis and L. Montagui, The figure, H 6, Fig. 1, has 

 no ventral disk, and otherwise is scarcely recognizable ; it has more like- 

 ness to species of Lycodes than to any of the disk-bearers. The descrip- 

 tion by Dr. Johnson does not satisfactorily fix the type ; most of what 

 he gives relates to the common name, the disk, and the condition of the 

 flesh. Ray, 1713, notes Liparis Rondeletii and L. nostras of Johnson. 

 Artedi, 1738, was no doubt inspired by Willughby and Ray in establish- 

 ing the genus Liparis with L. nostras as the type. He adds, with its 

 synonymy, the Liparis of Rondelet as a second form, /3. That he used 

 Liparis as a generic name is sufficiently evident from the introduction 

 of the two forms, and the care with which he separated his references, 

 giving Johnson, Willugh. Append., p. 17, for the first, and Rondelet and 

 Willugh., pp. 135, etc., for the second. Gronow, 1756, unable to reconcile 

 Belon, Rondelet, and Artedi, renamed the genus Cyclogaster, making L. nos- 

 tras the type, and using the name given by Artedi as a synonym. Linne 

 made no mention of any species of the Liparids until 1766, when he made 

 Artedi's Liparis a species under Cyclopterus. Scopoli, 1777, adopted the 

 genus from Artedi, and gave a pertinent diagnosis. Duhamel, 1777, Vol. 

 II. p. 492, resuscitates the Liparis of Belon, correctly placing it with the 

 sardines and herrings. La Cepede, 1800, formed two subgenera, without 

 Latin names, under Cyclopterus, the second of them to contain C. liparis 

 and C. lineatus. Rafinesque, 1815, provides the name Liparius, without 

 characterization, possibly intended for Liparis. Oken, 1816, placed Liparis 

 as a subgenus under Cyclopterus. Cuvier, 1817, retained it in this rank. 

 Fleming, 1822, makes it a genus, containing only species now included. 

 Bonaparte, 1846, follows Fleming. Giinther, 1861, recognized the genus 

 to be the type of a subfamily, Liparidhia, under the family Discoboli. 

 Gill, 1861, made a similar disposition, naming the subfamily Liparince, 



