THE DISCOBOLI. 25 



ligamentary attachment with its fellow. Above this process, a short, much 

 wider one reaches up and forward to meet the clavicula of the same side, 

 to the inner (hinder) side of which it is firmly fixed ; and above and behind 

 this second process there is a narrower pointed one, rising near the middle 

 of the upper side of the bone, to which are attached the ventral muscles. 

 With this expansion of the pubic bone the ventral rays have been carried 

 along, attached near the margin on the under side, and have been separated 

 more widely, and also each has extended its base toward the centre of the 

 disk, as well as outward. While the basal portion of the ray has broadened 

 and lengthened, the segmented outer extremity has been comparatively 

 undeveloped, and appears to be telescoped by the base. On the spinous ray 

 of each ventral, in addition to the articulation below the pubic, there is 

 a process upward, against the side of the latter, which contributes much to 

 the firmness of the structure. All the ventral rays on young individuals 

 show signs of segmentation ; on older ones, these become obsolete on one 

 or two of the anterior rays. 



Of the shoulder bones the clavicula might be described as a Ion"-, broad 

 thin bone, that, by a twist above its middle, has its upper section turned 

 half-way around, so that its vertical plane is at right angles with that of 

 the lower. The upper portion lies flat against the side, while the lower is 

 transverse and slightly concave on its front surface. From the middle of 

 the hinder surface of the lower section a thin backward extending blade, 

 composed of the scapula, the four carpals, and the coracoid, forms the base 

 of the pectoral fin. The latter occupies two thirds or more of the length of 

 the clavicula. The carpals are large and thin, nearly as wide as long, and 

 each joins the clavicula; they together form a series between the scapula 

 and the coracoid, the former of which is smaller and the latter larger 

 than the average carpal. Behind the inner edge of the clavicula at the 

 side of the coracoid is a strong process, extending back and downward, to 

 the inner side of which the second process of the pelvis is attached. A trans- 

 verse section of the upper portion of the clavicula is sub triangular in out- 

 line, the inner side being longer and concave, and the outer sides irregular. 

 The postclavicula is a long narrow curved bone, pointed at its lower end, 

 and broadened and flattened at its upper, where it is firmly fixed to the 

 inner side of the upper end of the clavicula. Its position approaches a ver- 

 tical, and its point of attachment is at a considerable distance above the 

 scapula or the base of the pectoral. On the outer side of the clavicula, 



4 



