96 THE CYPRINODONTS. 
More or less depressed forward, compressed posteriorly ; head broadened ; 
snout blunt ; caudal fin and pedicel deep. Mouth developed laterally and 
horizontally ; lower jaws longer, firmly united, upper protractile. Teeth 
conical, in bands, larger in the outer series. Branchiostegal rays five to six. 
Pharyngeal teeth with a hook and a shoulder, some to many, according to 
the species, enlarging and becoming molars with age. Gill openings wide ; 
membranes united, free from the isthmus. Dorsal and anal behind the 
middle of the body, opposed, the former commonly larger and originating a 
little farther forward than the latter. Anal not modified into an intromittent 
organ in the male, but generally, as other fins, a trifle larger in that sex. 
Intestine rarely long. 
This genus is subdivided into four or five subgenera: Fundulus, with the 
type F. heteroclitus, Hydrargyra, of which the typical species is F. majalis, 
Xenisma, containing F. catenatus and its closer allies, Plancterus, based upon 
F. Kanse, and possibly a fifth for trans-Atlantic species, of which FP. dispanicus 
is best known. 
North and Central America; Southern Europe ; Africa. 
Fundulus grandis. 
Fundulus grandis B. & G., 1858, P. Phil. Ac., VI, 389; Grd., 1859, Mex. Bd. Fishes, 69, pl. 36; Blkr., 
1860, Cypr., 487; Jor. & C., 1877, B. Buf. Soc., III, 141; Jor. 1878, B. U. 8. G. Surv., IV, 433; G. & B., 
1880, P. U. S. Mus., II, 151, — 1883, P. U. 8. Mus., 239; Jor. & G., 1882, B. 16 U.S. Mus., 891, — 1883, 
P. U. S. Mus., V, 253. 
Fundulus floridensis Grd., 1859, P. Phil. Ac., 157; Blkr., 1860, Cypr., 487; Goode, 1880, P. U.S. 
Mus., I, 118. 
Fundulus spilotus Put., 1864, B. M. C. Z., ex. p. 13. 
Fundulus ocellaris Jor. & G., 1882, B. 16 U. S. Mus., 891; G. & B., 1883, P. U. S. Mus., V, 239; 
Jor. & G., 1883, P. U. S. Mus., V, 254, 306; Jor., 1885, P. U.S. Mus., VII, 319, —1887, R. U. 8. F. Com., 
837 ; Hensh., 1891, B. U. S. F. Com., IX, 374; Woolm., 1892, B. U. 8. F. C., X, 300, pl. 52, fig. 2. 
Fundulus heteroclitus grandis Jor. & G., 1883, P. U. 8. Mus., 586; Jor. & §., 1885, P. U. 8. Mus., 
VII, 230; Jor., 1887, R. U.S. F.C., 887; Everm. & K., 1894, B. U. S. F. Com., 1892, pp. 66, 75, 79, 83, 
87, 89, 92, 106. 
Fundulus heteroclitus Gthr., 1866, Cat., VI, 318 (part); Jor., 1885, P. U. 8. Mus., VII, 109. 
Fundulus confluentus Goode, 1880, P. U. S. Mus., II, 118; Jor. & G., 1882, B. 16 U. 8. Mus., 334; 
Jor., 1887, R. U.S. F. Com., 837. 
Fundulus pallidus Everm., 1893, B. U. 8. F. Com., 1891, p: 84, pl. 35, fig. 2; Everm. & K., 1894, B. 
U.S. F. Com.,1892, pp. 83, 87, 89, 90, 92, 106, pl. 23, fig. 1. 
Zygonectes pulvereus Everm., 1893, B. U. S. F. Com., 1891, p. 85, pl. 36, fig. 1; Everm. & K., 1894, 
1 c., 1892, pp. 83, 87, 89, 92, 107, pl. 24, fig. 2. 
Zygonectes funduloides Everm., 1893, B. U. 8. F. Com., 1891, p. 85, pl. 35, fig. 3; Everm. & K., 1894, 
1. c., 1892, pp. 83, ete., pl. 24, fig. 1. 
B.5; D. 11; A. 10-11; V. 6; P. 15-17; Ll 33-36, Mire 135) Vert. 
15+ 18. 
Shape resembling that of F’. heteroclitus. Stout, much compressed, head 
