ANATINiE — THE DUCKS — J-ITHYIA. 



29 



Com. Char. Secondaries bluish gray, the upper feathers narrowly edged with black. Adult 

 male : Head and neck reddish brown ; juguluni and anterior part of back, lower part of rumji, 

 upper tail-coverts, and crissum black ; back, scapulars, flanks, anal region, and Bometimcs (in 

 yE. ferina) whole abdomen, white, finely verniiculated with dusky. 



jE. americana. 



A. Bill as long as middle toe (without claw), its greatest width not more than one third the 



length of the culmen, much depressed at the end, the nail scarcely hooked (Aristonetta, 

 BxVIRD). 



1 . SI. vallisneria. Head and neck reddish cinnamon or rusty brown in the male, the former 



dusky on top and anteriorly ; jugulum, anterior portion of back, rump, upper tail-coverts, 

 tail, and crissum black ; remainder of the body white, the upper surface, sides, flanks, 

 and anal region finely verniiculated with dusky. Bill entirely black. Wing, 8.75-9.25 

 inches; culmen, 2.10-2.50; greatest width of bill, .75-80; tarsus, 1.70; middle toe, 

 2.60-2.65. Hub. North America. 



B. Bill much shorter than middle toe (without claw), its greatest width nearly half the length 



of the culnien, the end moderately depressed, and the nail decidedly hooked (^^thyia). 



2. 2B. americana. Head and neck rich reddish chestnut, the latter glossed with reddish 



purple ; back, scapulars, sides, and flanks vermiculated with white and dusky in nearly 

 equal quantity ; abdomen immaculate white. Bill pale blue, the end black. Wing, 8.50- 

 9.25 inches ; culmen, 2.05-2.25 ; greate.st width of bill, .75-85 ; tarsus, 1.6(^1.65 ; 

 middle toe, 2.30-2.40. Hah. North America. 



3. iE. ferina.^ Head and neck chestnut-rufous, the latter without decided purplish gloss ; 



back, scapulars, sides, flanks, and abdomen white, everywhere finely vermiculated with 

 dusky. Bill black, crossed, a little anterior to the middle, by a wide band of pale blue. 

 Wing, 8.00-8.50 inches ; culmen, 2.20-2.40 ; greatest width of bill, .70-.78 ; tarsus, 1.30- 

 1.55 ; middle toe, 2.30-2.50. Hah. Europe. 



1 .^THYIA FERINA. 



Anas Jerina, Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 126; ed. 12, I. 1766, 203. — Naum. Vog. Deutschl. 



XII. 1844, 21, pi. 308. 

 Fuligula ferina. Keys. & Blas. Wirb. Eur. 87. 



mjroca ferina, Flem. Phil, of Zool. II. 260. —Gray, Gen. III. 621 ; Cat. Brit. B. 1863, 200. 

 Jythija ferina, Boie, Isis, 1822, 564. — Bonap. Conip. List, 1838, 58. — Macgill. Man. 11.191. 

 Anas ricfa, Gmel. S. N., 1. 1788, 515. 

 Anas eri/throcejihala, S. G. Gmel. Reise, 1. 1770, 71. 

 Aythya erythrocephala, Brehm, "^og. Deutschl. 919. 

 Pochard, Yarr. Brit. B. ed. 2, III. 332, fig. : ed. 3, III. 334, lig. 

 Hab. Palsearctic Region. 



