58 



LAMELLIROSTRAL SWIMMERS — ANSERES. 



Sp. Char. Ad^dt male, in lointer : Forehead, crown, occiput, iia])e, chin, throat, lower part of 

 the neck (all round), and upper part of the jnguluni and back, white ; lores, cheeks, and orbital 

 region light mouse-gray, the eyelids white ; a large oblong space covering the sides of the neck, 

 black, becoming light grayish brown in its lower portion. Middle of tlie back, rump, upper tail- 

 coverts, tail, wings, lower part of the jugulum, whole 

 breast, and upper part of the abdomen, black ; the pec- 

 toral area very abruptly defined both anteriorly and 

 posteriorly — the latter with a strongly convex outline. 

 Scapulars glaucous-white or very pale pearl-gray ; 

 posterior lower parts white, the sides strongly shaded 

 ■with pearl-gray. Basal half of the bill black, the 

 terminal portion orange-yellow, with the nail bluish 

 gray ; iris bright carmine ; feet light plumbeous, the 

 webs dusky, and claws l)lack. "The outer half of 

 the bill rich orange-yellow, that color extending to the 

 base along the ridge, the unguis and the basal half 

 black, as well as the unguis and edges of the lower 

 mandible" (Audubon). Adult male, in summer: 

 Lores, cheeks, and sides of the forehead, pale mouse- 

 gray ; eyelids, and a postocular longitudinal space, 

 white ; rest of the head, whole neck, and upper parts 

 generally sooty-black ; upper part of the back more 

 or less variegated with fulvous ; scapulars widely 

 edged with the same, varying on some feathers to 

 ochraceous and pale buff. Breast and upper part of the 

 abdomen dark sooty-grayish, abruptly defined behind 

 with a semicircular outline, as in the winter plumage ; remaining lower parts white, shaded on 

 the sides with pale pearl-gray. Bill black, crossed, in front of the nostrils, by a wide band of 

 orange ; iris yellowish brown ; feet bluish black, the joints and under surface of the webs black. ^ 

 Adult female, in winter: Head, neck, and lower parts, 

 chiefly white ; forehead, medially, and crown, dusky ; 

 auricular region, chin, and throat, tinged with the 

 same ; jugulum light dingy gray. Upper parts dusky 

 brown, the scapulars bordered with grayish fulvous or 

 light raw-umber brown, some of the feathers tipped 

 with pale ashy. Adult female, in summer : Head and 

 neck dark grayish brown, with a large space surround- 

 ing the eye, and another on the side of the neck, gray- 

 ish white ; upper parts as in the winter plumage, but 

 upper part of the back variegated with light brown, 

 the scapulars chiefly of this color, with the central por- 

 tion dusky. " Bill and feet dusky green ; iris yellow " 

 (Audubon). Young: Somewhat similar to the winter 

 female, but much more uniform above, with scarcely 

 any lighter borders to the scapulars, the head and neck 

 light brownish gray, darker on the pileum, and indis- 

 tinctly whitish before and behind the eye. 



Downy younrj : ^ Above, uniform dark hair- brown, relieved only on side of head by a grayish 

 white space on lower eyelid, a similar but smaller spot immediately above the eye, a light brownish 



Male, winter plumage. 



Male, summer phimagc. 



1 Fresh colors of No. 67837, cf ad., St. Michael's, Alaska; L. M. TunxER. Audubon describes the 

 fresh colors of bill, etc., in the suiniiier <f of this species as follows : "Bill black in its basal half, orange- 

 yellow toward the end, the unguis bluish-gray. Iris bright carmine. Feet light bluish-gray, the webs 

 dusky, claws black." 



2 Described from specimens obtained at Point BaiTow, Alaska (Arctic coast), by ISIessrs. ilurdocli 



