156 



TOTIPALMATE SWIMMERS — STEGANOPODES. 



Plialacrocorax lacustris, Gundl. MSS. (Lawkence.) 



Phalacrocorax rcsplcndcm, Lemb. Aves de Cuba. (Adult ; not of Audubon.) 



Plialacrocorax Townscndii, Lemb. t. c. (Young; not of Audubon.) 



Hab. Mexico, Cuba, and Southern United States, north, in the Mississippi Valley, to Kansas 

 and Southern Illinois, south to Honduras. 



Sp. Char. Smallest American species of the genus. Tail-feathers, 12. Bill moderately robust, 

 the unguis arched and strongly hooked, the culmen slightly concave in the middle portion, and 

 gently ascending busally. Bare skin of the face extending farthest back on the side of the head, 

 forming quite an angle behind the rictus ; feathers of the throat advancing forward to a little ante- 

 rior to the rictus, the middle portion sometimes slightly indented by an obtuse angle of the naked 

 skin of the gular sac. Scapulars and wing-coverts rather narrow and tapering, and nearly or quite 

 pointed. Adult {in full breedinci-plamage ?) : Gular sac bordered posteriorly by a line of white 

 reaching upward nearly or quite to the eye. Head, neck, rump, and entire lower parts deep silky 



brownish black, with a very faint purplish-brown gloss in some lights ; back, scapulars, and wings 

 dark brownish- slaty, each feather narrowly bordered with black ; primaries slate-black ; tail uni- 

 form deep dull black, the shafts black. Superciliary region, sides of the neck, and anal region 

 ornamented by a few short and narrow white filamentous feathers. Bill light colored (in skin), 

 mottled with darker, the culmen dusky ; gular sac brownish (orange-red in life ?) ; iris green ; legs 

 and feet deep black. Adult, in vnnter : Similar to the above, but without the white filaments. 

 Young, first pbimage : Head, neck, and lower parts grayish umber-brown, becoming gradually 

 darker, or nearly black, on the nape, sides, flanks, anal region, and crissum, and whitish on the 

 upper part of the throat, next the gular pouch. Upper parts as in the adult. " Iris green ; bill 

 dark fleshy, culmen and upper part of lower mandible dusky ; gular sac brownish ; feet deep 

 black" (SuMiCHRAST, MS.). Young, in winter: Similar to the above, but throat, foreneck, jugu- 

 lum, and breast nmch lighter colored — sometimes almost white. 



Total length, 23.00-28.75 inches ; extent, 38.00-42.75 ; wing, 9.95-10.40 ; tail, 6.75-8.30 ; 

 culmen, 1.70-2.00 ; tarsus, 1.85-2.10 ; middle toe, 2.15-2.85. 



This species does not in the least resemble the South American P. hrasilianus,'^ which occurs as 



1 Phalacrocorax erasilianus. 



Procellaria hrasiliana, Gmel. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 564 (based on Puffinus brasilianus, Briss. Orn. 



VI. 1760, 138, sp. 4). 

 Haliccus brasilianus, Light. Verz. Doubl. 1823, 86, 908. 

 Graculus brasilianus. Gray, Gen. B. 

 Carbo brasilianus, Spix, Av. Bras. II. 1824, t. 106. 

 Zaramagullon negro, Azara, Apunt. III. 1805, .^95, 423. 

 Pehcanus vigna, Vieill. Enc. Meth. I. 1823, 342. 

 "Phalacrocorax graculus, Gould, B. Em*, t. 408" (Streets). 

 Phalacrocorax niger, King, Zool. Journ. IV. 1828, 101, sp. 63. 

 Carbo mystacalis. Less. Traite, 1831, 604. 



