202 



LONG-WINGED SWIMMERS — LONGIPENNES. 



Rissa tridactyla. 



THE KITTIWAKE GULL. 

 a. Tridactyla. 



Lanes tridadylus, LiNX. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 136; ed. 12, I. 1766, 224. — Sw. & Rich. II. 



1831, 423. — NUTT. Man. II. 1834, 298. — AuD. Orii. Biog. Ill 1835, 186, pl. 224 ; Synop. 1830, 



326 ; B. Am. VII. 1844, 146, pl. 444. — CouES, Key, 1872, 314 ; Check Li.st, 1873, no. 552. 

 Eissa tridactyla, Bonap. Conip. List, 1838, 62. — Lawk, in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 854. — Baihd, 



Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, no. 672. — Saundeiis, P. Z. S. 1878, 163 (synonymy, etc.). — P.idgw. 



Nom. N. Am. B. 1881, no. 658. — CouEs, 2d Check List, 1882, no. 782. 

 Larus (Rissa) tridactyla, CouEs, B. N. "VV. 1874, 644. 



Larus rissa, BiiiJNN. Orn. Bov. 1764, 42. — Linn. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 224. 

 Larus albus, Mijllkh, Natuisyst. 1776, 108 (based on Buflbn's Moucltc coubxc tachctee). 

 Larus cinerarias, Fabk. Fauna Grceul. 1780, 101 (not of Linn. 1766. — Winter plumage). 

 Larus navius, Schaff. Mus. Oin. 1789, 64 (not of Linn.). 

 Larus lorqualus. Pall. Zoog. Kos.so-As. II. 1826, 328. 

 Larus canus. Pall. t. c. 330 (not of Linn.). 

 Larus gavia. Pall. t. c. 329. 



Larxis riga, Gmel. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 594 (misprint). 



Rissa Br unnichii, Leach, Steplien's Gen. Zool. XIII. i. 1826, 181, pl. 21. 

 Rissa cinerca, Eyton, Cat. Br. B. 1836, 52. 

 Laroidcs minor, Biiehm, Vog. Deutschl. 1831, 756. 

 Rissa horcalis, Breum, Nauin. 1855, 294 (not Larus horcalis, Bruch). 

 Rissa gregaria, Bkeiim, I. c. 



b. Pollicaris. 



Larus rissa, Pall. Zoog. Posso-As. II. 1826, 321 (not of Brunn. ). 



Larus tridadylus, Kittl. Isis, 1832, 1104 (not of Linn.). 



Larus (Rissa) brachyrhynchus, Biiucil, J. f. O. 1853, 103, sp. 31 (nee Richardson, 1831, nee 



Gould, 1843). 

 Rissa nivca, Bp. Nanm. 1854, 212 (nomcn niubim ; not of Gray, 1845). 



Rissa Kotzebui, Bonap. Consp. IL 1856, 226 (not of 1854 ! . — Elliot, Illustr. B. Am. pi. 54. 

 Larus tridactylus, v ax. Kotzebui, Coues, Key, 1872, 314; Clieck List, 1873, no. 552 a; B. N. W. 



1874, 646 ; Elliott's Alaska, 1875, 199. 

 Rissa tridactyla Kotzhuei, Ridgw. Nom. N. Am. B. 1881, no. 658 «. 

 Rissa tridactyla Kotzcbuii, Coues, 2d Check List, 1882, no. 783. 

 Eissa tridactyla pollicaris, Stejn. MS. 





R. tridactyla. 



