LARID^ — THE GULLS AND TERNS — LARUS. 211 



v/bite ; bill brownish, black tenni'ially. Wing, about 13.15 inches. Hah. Pacific coast, 

 from British Columbia to Panama. 

 C Adidt with the head and upper part of the neck black in summer, forming a well-defined ^'■hood ; " 

 plumage of the lower parts rose-tinted ; size medium to very small; the hill slender. (Chroi- 

 cocephalus, Eyton.) 

 a. Tarsus longer than the middle toe and claw. 



17. L. atricilla. Bill and feet dark brownish red, the former sometimes tipped with brighter 

 red ; eyelids dull red ; iris dark brown ; hood dark sooty-slate ; mantle deep plumbeous- 

 slate. Wing, about 13.00 inches. Hah. Atlantic coast of America, south to the Lower 

 Amazon, north, casually, to Maine ; Pacific coast of Central America ; casual in Europe. 



h. Tarsus shorter than the middle toe and claw. 



18. L. Franklini. Bill and feet carmine-red ; iris dark brown ; hood plumbeous-black ; man- 

 tle deep bluish-plumbeous. Wing, about 11.25 inches. Hah. Interior of North America, 

 migrating south over the most of Central and South America, and breeding chiefly nortli 

 of the United States. 



19. L. philadelphiae. Bill uniform deep black ; legs and feet fine orange-red in summer, 

 flesh-color in winter ; iris dark brown ; hood dark plumbeous ; mantle delicate pearl- 

 blue. Wing, about 10.25 inches. Hah. North America in general, but not south of the 

 United States, except in Bermudas ; breeding far northward. 



[L. minutus. Bill reddish dusky ; legs and feet vermilion- or coral-red ; hood deep black ; 

 mantle delicate pearl-gray; primaries without any black markings. Wing, about 8.75- 

 9.00 inches. Hah. Palasarctic Region.^] 



Lams glaucus. 



THE GLAUCOUS GULL. 



Larus glmccus, Buttnn. Orn. Bor. 1764, 44. — Fabr. P'aim. Gra?nl. 1780, 100. — Gmel. S. N. 1. ii. 

 1788, 600. — NuTT. Man. II. 18-34, 306. — AuD. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, f>9, pi. 396 ; Synop. 1839, 

 329 ; B. Am. VII. 1844, 170, pi. 449. — Lawr. in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 842. — Baird, Cat. 

 N. Am. B. 1859, no. 656. — Coues, Key, 1872, 311 ; Check List, 1873, no. 543 ; 2d ed. 1882, 

 no. 768; B. N. W. 1874, 620. — Saunders, P. Z. S. 1878, 165. — Ridgw. Nom. N. Am. B. 



1881, no. 660. 



LaruR hyperhoreus, Gunn. in Leem's Lapp. Beskr. 1767, 283. — Stejn. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. 



1882, 39. 



Larus glacialis, "Benicke," JIacgill. Mem. Wern. See. V. pt. i. 1824, 270. 



Larus giganteus, "Temm." Benicke, Ann. Wctteraii. Gesellsch. III. 1814, 140. 



^' Larus consul, BoiE, Wiedemann's Zool. Mag. I. 126" (kSAUNDERs). 



Larus leucerctes, Schleep, N. Ann. Wetterau. Gesellsch. I. 1819, 314. 



Larus islandicus, Edmonst. Mem. Wern. Sec. IV. 1822, 185 (nee Edmonst. op. cit. p. 506 = 



L. leucopterus). 

 Larus HutcUnsii, Rich. F. B. A. II. 1831,. 419 (note).— Coues, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1862, 294. — 



Elliot, Illiistr. Am. B. II. jil. 53. 



Hab. Circumpolar Regions, south in winter to Long Island, the Great Lakes, and North 

 Pacific. 



Sp. Char. Adult, in summer : Mantle very pale pearl-blue ; primaries still paler pearl-blue, 

 or bluish white, fading gradually into white at ends, their shafts yellowish white or pale straw- 

 color. " Iris golden yellow ; eyelids orange-yellow ; bill lemon-yellow, greenish toward tip, 

 crimson spot on lower mandible; tarsi and toes flesh-color" (L. Kumlien, MS.'^). Adult, 



* The characters of this species are given on account of its possible occurrence in North America. 



'■' According to Audubon, the adidt male has the bill, etc., colored as follows : " P>ill gamboge-yellow, 

 with a carmine patch toward the end of the lower mandible, and the edges of both mandibles at the base 

 of the same color. Edges of eyelids red, iiis yellow. Feet flesh-colored, claws yellowish." The young 

 are described as having the bill yellow to beyond the nostrils, the end black ; the feet flesh-colored, with 

 dusky claws ; and the iris brown. 



