318 LONG-WINGED SWIMMERS — LONGIPENNES. 



A. Smaller (wing 8.50 inches or less) ; bead wholly dusky or black. 



1. H. nigra. Ujiper tail-coverts and tail plumbeous, like the back ; wings uniform plumbeous. 



a. Lower parts plumbeous, scarcely, if at all, darker than the upper surface. Hah. 



Europe nigra} 



/3. Lower parts black, much darker than the upper parts, which are decidedly darker than 



in H. nigra. Hub. America surinamensis. 



2. H. leucoptera. Upper tail-coverts and tail white, sometimes shaded with pearl-gray ; 



anterior lesser wing-coverts white, lower parts black, as in H. surinamensis. Hah. Palae- 

 arctic Region ; accidental in North America (Wisconsin ; Kumlien). 



B. Larger (wing 9.50 inches) ; a broad white .stripe on side of the head, below the eye. 



3. H. leucopareia.2 Entire pileum, including lores and nape, uniform black ; a wide stripe on 



the side of the head, from the chin and rictus back to the nape, beneath the eyes, also the 

 crissum and lining of the wing, white ; rest of the plumage uniform light bluish plumbeous. 

 Hah. Palsearctic Region ; accidental in West Indies. 



Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis. 



THE BLACK TEBN. 



Sterna surinamensis, (Jmicl. S. N. L 1788, 604. 



Hydrochelidon surinamensis, Bonap. Comiit. Rend. 1856, 773. 



Hydrochelidon lariformis surinamensis, Kidgw. Noni. N. Am. B. 1881, no. 693. 



Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis, Stejn. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 5, 1882, 40. 



Sterna plumbea, WiLS. Am. Orn. VIL 1813, 8-3, pi. 83 (= young). 



Hydrochelidon plumbea, Lawr. in Baiid's B. N. Am. 1858, 864. — Baird, Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, 



no. 695. 

 Sterna nigra, Sw. & Ricn. F. B. A. IL 1831, 415 (nee Linn.). — Nutt. Man. IL 1834, 282. —AuD. 



Orn. Biog. IIL 1835, 593 ; V. 1839, 642, pi. 180; Synop. 1839, 320; B. Am. VIL 1844, 116, 



pi. 438. 

 Hydrochelidon nigra (part), Saunders, P. Z. S. 1878, 642. 

 Hydrochelidon fissipcs (part), CouES, Pr. Philad. Acad. 1862, 554 (nee Sterna fissipes, Linn.) ; Key, 



1872, 323 ; Check List, 1873, no. 575. 

 Hydrochelidon lariformis (part), CouES, B. N. W. 1874, 704 (nee Ralhis lariformis, LiNN.) ; 2d 



Check List, 1882, no. 806. 



Hab. The whole of temperate North America, and portions of tropical America ; north to 

 Alaska, south to Chili ; breeds thioughout its range, exc^t toward the extreme south. 



Sp. Char. Adult, in summer : Head, neck, and lower parts sooty black, the head and neck, 

 especially above, nearly pure black ; anal region and crissum pure white. Entire upper parts 



1 Hydrochelidon nigra. 



Sterna nigra, Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 137 ; ed. 12, I. 1766, 227. 



Hydrochelidon nigra, BoiE, Isis, 1822, 563. 



Rallus lariformis, Linn. S. N. ed. 10, L 1758, 153. 



Hydrochelidon lariformis, CouES, B. N. AV. 1874, 704 (part). 



Sterna nmvia, Linn. S. N. I. 1766, 228 (ex Briss. ; = Rallus lariformis of ed. 10). 



2 Hydrochelidon leucopareia. 



Sterna leucopareia, Natterer, in Temm. Man. 1820, 726. 



Hydrochelidon leucopareia, Gould, Handh. to B. Austr. IL 1865, 406. 



Sterna javanica, Horsf. Trans. Linn. See. XIII. 1820, 198. 



Sterna grisea, Horsf. t. c. 199. 



Sterna hjbrida. Pall, Zoog. Rosso-As. II. 1826, 338. 



Hydrochelidon hrjbrida, Gray, Gen. B. III. "'846, 660. — Saunders, P. Z. S. 1876, 640. 



Sterna Delamottei, Vieill. Faun. Fr. 1828, 402. 



Sterna similis. Gray & Hardw. Illustr. Ind. Zool. I. 1882, pi. 70, fig. 2. 



Hydrochelidon fluviatilis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, 140. 



Hydrochelidon Dclalandii, Bonap. Compt. Rend. XLlI. 1856, 773. 



Sterna innotata, Beavan, Ibis, 1868, 404 (young). 



