428 



THE DIVING BIRDS — PYGOPODES. 



Colymbus Holboellii. 



THE AMERICAN RED-NECKED GREBE. 



Podiccps ruhricollis, "Lath." Bonap. Synop. 1828, 417. — Sw. & Rich. F. B. A. II. 1831, 411.— 



NUTT. Man. II. 1834, 253. — Aud. Om. Biog. 111. 1835, C17, pi. 298; Synop. 1839, 357; 



B. Am. VII. 1844, 312, j)!. 480. 

 Podiccps ruhricollis major, Temm. & Schleg. Faun. Jap. 1849, pi. 78, B (not Cohjinhus major, 



Boun. 1783). 

 Podiccps griscigcna, " BoDD." Lawii. in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 892. — Baird, Cat. N. Am. B. 



1859, no. 702. 

 Podiccps Holboillii, Reinh. Vid. Meddel. 1853, 76 ; Ibis, 1861, 14 (Greenland). — CouES, Pr. Ac. Nat. 



Sci. Philad. 1862, 231. — Ridgw. Nom. N. Am. B. 1881, no. 731. 

 Podiccps griscigcna, var. Holbolli, Coues, Key, 1872, 337 ; Check List, 1873, no. 610 ; Birds N. W. 



1874, 730. 

 Podicipcs griscigcna IloIbaUi, Coues, 2d Check List, 1882, no. 847. 

 Podiccps Coop)cri, Lawii. in Baii'd's B. N. Am. 1858, 893 (in text ; winter adult). 

 Podiccps subcristatus, Kittl. Denkw. II. 1858, 313 (notof Jacq. 1784). 

 Podiccps affinis, Salvadoui, Atti Soc. Ital. VIII. 1866, 45. 

 Podiccps cucullatus, Tacz. J. f. 0. 1874, 336 (not of Pall. 1826). 



Hab. North America in general, including Greenland ; breeding far north, migrating south, 

 ill winter, quite across the United States. Eastern Siberia, and south to Japan. 



Sp. Char. Adult, h-ccdin(j-'plum,agc : Pileum (including lores and depressed occipital tuft) and 

 nape glossy dull black ; rest of the head light ash-gray, bordered above and below by whitish, 



this most distinct along the upper bor- 

 der, from the eyes back ; neck (except 

 nape) rich rufous, abruptly defined above 

 against the ashy of the throat, but below 

 gradually merging into the whitish of the 

 breast. Upper parts blackish dusky, the 

 feathers sometimes with paler margins ; 

 secondaries chiefly white. Lower jiarts 

 grayish white, faintly spotted, except on 

 the abdomen, with dusky grayish ; sides 

 and flanks nearly uniform grayish. " Bill 

 brownish black, bright yellow at the base ; 

 iris carmine ; tarsi and toes greenish black 

 externally, yellow on the inner side, the 

 edges of the lobes dusky" (Audubon). 

 Winter plumage : Pileum dusky, the occi- 

 put without elongated feathers ; neck 

 smoky grayish brown, lighter in front, 

 dusky on the nape ; chin, throat, and malar region whitish. Otherwise as in the summer plu- 

 mage. Young : Pileam and sides of the head dusky, marked with several white stripes — one 

 originating at the sides of the forehead, and passing over and behind the eye, another extending 

 from the eye backward over the auriculars, and another dividing the cheeks ; a short whitish 

 stripe on each side of the upper part of the nape ; fore part and sides of the neck light ferruginous. 

 Otherwise as in the adult. 



Total length, about 18.00 to 19.50 inches ; extent, about 32.00 ; wing, 7.30-8.10 (average, 

 7.65); culmen, 1.65-2.40 (2.02) ; depth of bill at base, .52-.60 (.57) ; tarsus, 2.25-2.60 (2.53) ; 

 outer toe, 2.50-3.05 (2.76). (Seventeen specimens.) 



The American Red-necked Grebe is a counterpart of the European C. grisegena ^ in plumage, 



Summer adult. 



' Sue p. 426, footnote. 



