396 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.— H. 



throughout Upper Palaeolithic times. The excavation of two rock shelters, 

 carried out in the present year, at Whalley and Creswell, are described, 

 both of which have confirmed the evidence obtained in the Creswell caves 

 that man continued to dwell in this region throughout the final glaciation 

 and occupied the rock shelters until early Mesolithic times. 



Mr. H. J. H. Drummond and Mr. T. T. Paterson. — Recent Palceolithic 

 discoveries in India (10.35). 



1. Soan Basin, Punjab. 



The Soan Culture, extending throughout the II Interglacial and III 

 Glacial periods, comprises flake and pebble tools, the latter predominating 

 in the Early Soan, the former in the Late Soan. The flakes and cores are 

 at first reminiscent of the Clactonian, but in the Late Soan many of them 

 are distinctly Levalloisian in technique. Acheulian coups-de-poing are 

 found at a few sites, at one of which Late Acheul is in contact with Late Soan. 



2. Sind. 



At Rohri and Sukkur, on the Indus, there have been found enormous 

 quantities of flint flakes, blades and cores, mostly surface finds. Among the 

 cores are many large Landaxe-like forms, some of which have been retouched 

 to form regular coups-de-poing. In date these are probably contemporary 

 with the earliest stages of the Mohenjo-Daro civilisation, though some of 

 the finds from Sukkur, including many thick crude blades, are more 

 patinated than the others and are undoubtedly slightly older. 



3. Madras. 



Numerous Palaeolithic finds have been made in many parts of Madras 

 Presidency, on which work is still being carried out. The Abbevillian- 

 Acheulian cultures are widespread. Upper Acheulian, with many South 

 African affinities, being especially common. Some localised flake industries 

 of Upper Acheulian or later date have been found, but as yet no typical 

 Upper Palaeolithic culture has been recognised. 



Mr. J. G. D. Clark. — New discoveries relatittg to the earliest settlement of 

 northern Europe {11.10). 



This paper is intended to draw attention to a method of excavation which 

 has done much to advance our knowledge of early cultures in N.W. 

 Europe, and of the environment in which they flourished and had their 

 being. 



The method consists essentially in the investigation of settlement sites 

 placed in immediate proximity to geological deposits of recent age, and in 

 the establishment by means of careful sections of a relationship between 

 debris and ' scatter ' from the settlement and the succession of deposits 

 with their contained flora and fauna. 



From the use of such a method the following results have been obtained : 



(i) Objects of perishable materials have been recovered to supplement 

 cultures previously represented only by flints and stone implements. 



(2) Climatic and vegetational conditions contemporary with prehistoric 

 sites have been reconstructed. 



(3) A chronological succession of cultures has been obtained : (a) by 

 direct superposition ; (b) by reference to the local sequence of natural 

 events. 



Outstanding examples can be cited from East Anglia (Fen sequence), 



