SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS— H. 397 



the Hamburg area (Ahrensburg and Hamburg cultures), Central Jutland 

 (Gudenaa culture), and N. Esthonia (Kunda). 



Mr. J. N. L. Myres. — The ceramic evidence for the Anglo-Saxon conquest 



("•45)- 

 The ceramic evidence for the Anglo-Saxon conquest consists mainly of 

 material recovered, often under unsatisfactory conditions, from cemeteries. 

 Even so, it may be expected to throw light on the date of the invasions, the 

 continental provenance of the invaders, and the character and extent of their 

 settlement in England. Direct evidence from datable finds for the earliest 

 settlements is very scanty, but is not inconsistent with the traditional stories 

 of a mid-fifth century Adventus Saxonum : if this is so, however, a down- 

 ward revision of the dating usually used for some types of the corresponding 

 continental pottery may become necessary. The continental connections 

 of the English pottery are with that found in the Angle, Saxon, Frisian and 

 Rhenish districts, and it will be urged that Bede unduly simplified both the 

 tribal complexity of the invaders and their geographical distribution in 

 England. The information provided by the pottery not only on the burial 

 customs of the invaders, but also on their social habits, the relationship 

 between different areas, and their association with the surviving natives 

 is discussed, and the significance of the use of stamped ornament in this 

 connection is illustrated. 



Mr. Kenneth Jackson. — The Anglo-Saxon invasion in the light of early 

 Welsh poetry (12.20), 



The very early Welsh poem called the Gododdin purports to belong to 

 the late sixth century, and to give a contemporary account of hostilities 

 between the Britons of the Edinburgh district and the invading North- 

 umbrian Angles at that time. If this is true, it is obviously a very important 

 historical source, but it has been almost entirely ignored by writers of the 

 modern archaeological school. What the poem tells us. The text can be 

 traced back with certainty to the ninth century ; the probability is that the 

 Gododdin is actually as old as it claims to be. 



Mr. J. Butter. — A Palceolithic horizon in Holland (12.45). 



A report on excavations at Kaerhuisbeck, Deventer, in Holland (1935- 



1937)- 



In 1935 Van Gendt, the Director of Public Works, being in need of sand 

 for making a sports ground, began excavations at Deventer. The digging 

 extended from about 5! m. above sea-level to aj m. below sea-level. 



The first thing found (at 0-67 m. above sea-level) was a kind of paddle 

 or side rudder as used in Viking ships {of. Lefebre des Noettes, De la marine 

 antique a la marine moderne, 1935, figs. 42, 64, 65, 68). This was made of 

 wood, and was presented to the Waag Museum. At the same level there 

 were discovered some 2,400 human and animal bones and other objects. 



Below this level there were four layers of gravel, the second of which 

 contained a layer of clay. In the second and third layers were found 

 modern and rolled Miocene shells, bones of Equus, Bos, Cervus, etc., 

 horns of Cervus elaphus worked by men, long bones of men, a hammer-axe, 

 and a point with haft, etc. (Maglemose or probably later). Under the 

 third layer of gravel there was first brown sand with Clausilia dubia. Pupa, 

 etc., then grey sand and a skull with a ' chignon ' like the Cro-Magnon. 



