444 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.— M. 



secondly by his erection of the Glass Palace in Hyde Park to house the 

 International Exhibition in 1851. After this the popular conception of 

 glasshouses was much widened and industries of crop production sprang 

 up at Swanley, Worthing and North London in glasshouses, since which 

 time the industry has very much increased. 



Glasshouses and frames are now used for the production of early vegetables 

 and salads, flowers and fruits, and are extensively used in the production 

 of tomatoes. 



The heating of these glasshouses and frames has also gone through 

 stages of development from the use of fermenting tan pits, flues in the walls, 

 steam jets, to hot-water tanks circulating hot water in pipes ; coal, ioke, 

 oil and electricity have all been used as heating fuels. The process of 

 development and evolution still continues. 



Dr. W. F. Bewley, C.B.E. — Science in relation to the glasshouse industry 

 (10.30). 



During the early days of the glasshouse industry some fifty to thirty years 

 ago, crops were grown more naturally than they are to-day, when ' out of 

 season ' crops and those planted unusually early yield the greatest profits. 

 With the coming of early forcing and heavy feeding came a multitude of 

 diseases and pests which soon caused serious financial losses. 



To combat these enemies the Experimental and Research Station was 

 started at Cheshunt in the centre of the great Lea valley glasshouse district. 

 This paper represents an attempt to show how the scientific workers studied 

 the problems year by year, solving each in turn, and by recommending 

 measures which the practical grower could use safely and easily removed 

 the menace of financial ruin from the industry. 



Mr. A. W. White. — Bulbs under glass (ii.o). 



Daffodils and tulips are the principal bulbs dealt with, although there 

 are many other classes, e.g. Iris and Gladioli, which may be discussed. 

 The important part of the subject deals with the treatment of the bulbs prior 

 to taking them into heat. The actual forcing under glass is not nearly so 

 important as the preparation, both in the growing and the storing previously. 

 Lifting, grading and storing are great factors in the preparation for bulb 

 forcing, and it is on these operations that the results so much depend. 

 After that comes the boxing, and still further care is necessary so that the 

 bulbs may get their proper root action. 



Consideration is given to the various varieties of both DaflFodils and Tulips 

 that may be prepared for Christmas and New Year flowering, with notes 

 upon the class of house in which they are forced, and the temperatures used. 

 Then come the easier methods of obtaining successful crops for mid- 

 Januaiy and February, and reference is made to preparation and gentle 

 forcing for March and April flowering. 



Bulbs planted in cold frames are considered. 



Mr. F. A. Secrett. — The production of early vegetables and salads under 

 glass {11.20). 



This subject is of universal interest because the health of nations and 

 individuals is seriously aff"ected by the correct production of vegetables 

 which are so necessary in the well-balanced diet. 



During the past few years horticultural duties have tended to stimulate 



