SECTION B.—CHEMISTRY. 
THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF 
CARBOHYDRATES 
ADDRESS BY 
PROF. W. N. HAWORTH, F.RS.. 
PRESIDENT OF THE SECTION. 
In his Testament of Beauty the late Poet Laureate, Robert Bridges, 
speaks of : 
“those many organic substances which, tho’ to sense 
wholly dissimilar and incomparable in kind, 
: are yet all combinations of the same simples, 
and even in like proportions differently disposed ; 
so that whether it be starch, oil, sugar or alcohol 
*tis ever our old customers, carbon and hydrogen, 
pirouetting with oxygen in their morris antics ; 
the chemist booketh them all as CHO, 
_ In my Presidential Address I shall endeavour to expand this estimate 
of the relations of starch and sugars and portray something of the sym- 
metry and the rhythm of the motions which differentiate these from 
cellulose and glycogen and the wealth of other substances which, ‘ in 
like proportions differently disposed,’ constitute the organic group of the 
‘carbohydrates. The oil and wine I propose to leave with the poet. 
_ It would, however, be impossible in the time at my disposal to give 
more than a brief survey of the molecular structure of carbohydrates. 
Many have contributed to the advances in this subject. A number 
have been associated with me closely in my own work in this field, and 
if in this rapid summary I do not find it possible to mention the names 
of present and past colleagues, it must be recognised that I acknowledge 
and appreciate more than I can say the services they have rendered to 
this branch of chemistry. 
_ Ten years have elapsed since a structural model of glucose was first 
presented as a six-atom ring form, an observation I communicated to 
