J.—PSYCHOLOGY 165 
In Group B there is demanded economy of effort and a proper distribu- 
tion of it. As for Group C, in addition to the greatest economy of effort, 
enormous demands are made on technique which only comes after long 
experience. 
As two typically British sports are not included in the table—namely, 
cricket and golf—I have attempted to get corresponding figures for 
batsmen, bowlers, and golfers. Taking the season of 1934, the names of 
eighty-three batsmen who exceeded a thousand runs in first-class cricket 
appear. The median age is 30 years (the quartiles being 27 and 33 and 
the extremes 19 and 47). Then the bowling averages were analysed. 
The median age is again 30 years (the quartiles being 26 and 34 and the 
extremes 20 and 50). 
Taking the names of the forty golfers who headed the Open Champion- 
ship list in 1934, the median age is about 35 years (the quartiles being 29 
and 39 and the extremes 24 and 45). 
Taking a still higher standard, it appears that batsmen who have 
exceeded three thousand runs in a season show a median age of 
34°5 years (the quartiles being 30 and 39 and the extremes 27 and 44). 
And, in golf, the thirty-seven open champions since 1894 show a 
median age of 31 years (the quartiles being 28 and 37 and the extremes 
23 and 44). 
APPLICATIONS TO EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY. 
Not only do psychological investigations show in a clear light how 
widely adults of a particular age differ from each other, but they also show 
that age is not the main cause of most of the differences. Even in a test 
of reaction speed the average man of eighty is only 50 per cent. slower 
than the average man in his prime, and even the latter is less speedy than 
some men of eighty. 
Industrial accidents also decrease with increasing age owing to the 
greater experience and caution of the older workers. Not so, however, 
with pedestrian accidents. Very high, according to Dr. Ford, would 
appear to be the rate of fatalities for those over sixty-five years of age in 
an American city. Further research may determine the relative effective- 
ness of such factors as decrease in muscular agility, increase in weight and 
consequent decrease in speed of movement, preservation of traffic habits 
from days when cars were not a hazard, impairment of sensory acuity, 
absent-mindedness, and a variety of senile effects on mentality. 
In industry it is necessary to investigate how far the handicaps of the 
older workers are due to their own physiological, mental, or vocational 
disabilities and how far to the age prejudice of employers, as there are 
degrees of disability sufficiently serious to necessitate special legislation 
for the purpose of extending retirement pensions. Again, in organising 
schemes of adult education, it is important to know the capacities 
and mental characteristics, whether native or acquired, of the individual 
pupils. Ancient customs and opinions which had little scientific backing 
have in the past made it difficult for many of the unemployed to embark 
on any training for a new career. But the verdict of psychology is that 
such training is possible. ‘The human organism cannot with impunity be 
