oe eee Sr 
DERBYSHIRE CAVES 339 
and also provide protection to the exposed face beneath against erosion by 
dripping water. The excavation has been carried out in a series of steps, 
arranged to synchronise with the main divisions of the stratification, by 
which means valuable horizontal exposures have been obtained of the two 
slab layers which, throughout the cave, have consistently separated the 
Mousterian (1) and (2), and Mousterian (2) and (3) levels, and additional 
security given thereby to the intervening vertical faces. In front of this 
type section, a pit has been formed and the bed-rock of the cave left exposed 
therein for a horizontal distance of 6 ft. 
‘ As instructed by the Cave Committee, I have approached the Ancient 
Monuments Committee for Derbyshire with a view to the early scheduling 
of the Pin Hole Cave, and preservation of the type section, as an Ancient 
Monument. If the support of the Council of the Association can be 
secured by the Cave Committee, through Section H, the attainment of this 
desirable object would be considerably assisted. 
‘ My excavations in the Pin Hole commenced at a point 23 ft. from the 
entrance, where those of the 1875 excavations, by the Rev. Magins Mello, 
had terminated. It is clear, from his published account of the work, that 
only the upper cave-earth was removed in 1875, and that merely the top of 
the lower deposit had been superficially examined by him. Having regard 
to the two important Mousterian occupation levels, the presence of which 
the present excavations have revealed in the lower cave-earth, I considered 
that the work here could not be looked upon as satisfactorily completed 
without a critical examination of the deposits in the entrance, left intact 
by Mello, and therefore, upon ceasing work on the rear section, activities 
were transferred to the entrance, where, at the time of writing, excavations 
are still in progress. A length of 13 ft. has been examined and, as antici- 
pated, only superficial disturbance of the deposit has previously taken place 
and extended, at most, down to the uppermost of the two layers of fallen 
slabs. Both Mousterian (1) and (2) levels are found to be present. ‘Traces 
of occupation by man or animals were at first scanty, but have become more 
plentiful as the work has extended further towards the interior and agree 
in character with the findings already recorded. Amongst the artifacts 
found here, a fine side scraper, in quartzite, from the Mousterian (2) level, 
is the most noteworthy. No additions have been made to the list of 
recorded fauna. 
* Mother Grundy’s Parlour.—A further area of this site has been excavated 
and valuable additions made to both the fauna and the artifacts. These 
confirm the conclusions reached in 1924 (Armstrong, ¥.R.A.J., 55, 1925), 
but in the light of the evidence since obtained in the Pin Hole excavations, 
I am of opinion that the quartzite implements, occurring in the yellow 
cave-earth of the base level, may be assigned, on their technique, to a 
Mousterian (3) occupation. The gradual development of the Aurignacian 
culture and its emergence into the microlithic, also the continuous occupa- 
tion of this site until the coming of a microlithic culture, has been further 
demonstrated. 
‘ The following additions have been made to the fauna of the respective 
zones previously recorded : 
Lower Upper 
Base. Middle. Middle. Middle. 
Hyena (H. spelea) . : ne 
Wolf ; : ; ; 5K x 
Lion (Felis spelea) . : x 
Reindeer (Cervus tarandus) . x 
Pig . , . 3 k x x 
