SUMERIAN COPPER 341 
Several vessels obtained by Sir Leonard Woolley from the Jemdet Nasr 
level at Ur have now been analysed, with the following results : 
Tr: 2. 3: 4. 
Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. 
Copper . . 48-18 55°59 55°66 67°23 
Nickel . . trace 0°02 — 0°075 
Arsenic . | O05 0°20 0°39 0°93 
Tin was absent. 
On account of the highly corroded state of these specimens, it was not 
considered safe to calculate the composition of the original metal, but all 
may be described as arsenical copper. The first two contained much 
chloride, and were embedded in soil containing large quantities of soluble 
chlorides and sulphates, but no trace of tin, which might have been ex- 
tracted from the metal, was found. Specimens 1 and 2 contained sulphur, 
indicating a pyritic ore, but this was absent from 3 and 4. The amount 
retained by the metal would be accidental, and liable to vary greatly in 
successive casts. 
A copper rod sent with one of the vessels (Jemdet Nasr level), and marked 
PG Pit W. JNG, was less corroded, and gave on analysis : 
Copper . : , : . 82°33 per cent. 
ANTING : : : : tenes 
Nickel : : : 5 ur OF 05. Joga 
Arsenic . : : : my 1OKI94 is, Pha 
Sulphur . : ' ‘ tm HOTT phe 
Further specimens collected for the Oriental Institute of Chicago, by 
Dr. Frankfort and by Dr. von der Osten, have been examined, supple- 
menting the list given in the Fifth Report. Their composition is as follows : 
Copper. Tin. Nickel. Arsenic. Lead. 
Per Per Per Per Per 
Tell Asmar, Akkadian : cent. cent. cent. cent. cent. 
As. 32.1027 Pin » 85°15 — T-65..) O:30 — 
As. 32.1205 Haft . 63°62 — O°II 0°24 = 
As. 32.1239 Wire O2670 — 0°07 — — 
Tell Asmar, Early Dynastic : 
As. 32.1138 Chisel . 91°60 o°'40 + #1°70 — — fIronr:2 
Khafaje, Early Dynastic : 
Kh. II 75 Arrow 
butt 74°22 — 0°06 0°47 — 
Kh. II 80 Nail head 79-93 — 0-02 )«=—0 "38 — 
Kh. II 87 Graver. 67:10 4°34 0°09 0°64 0°86 
Kh. III 44 Dagger. 89:99 2:98 0°30 0°94 — 
nth ars, Pin - 88:98 3°44 0:09 1°06 — 
mo. trl G85", arene 4b ie ae TO? © G83 — 
ite cue 720'°-*5, Rag 73 Peg 33 OOF — trace 
Peel oso *t. . 87:50 10°64 0:09: 60°68 = 
Hh. III ‘904 Blade 1¥°83-22°" 9°82*'*0-16 ‘“o"23 — 
Kh. III 1072 Pierced 
Pin’'93 63°" (o* 290%" tr-42 '* THSO — 
K. 319 Pin mag 37 rears «O° O2 — — (Sulphur 
present) 
K. 344 Lump 80°63 —_ 0°06 ~~ ‘trace aa 
