THE BOTANY OF NORFOLK 29 
marsh area is remarkably interesting for its micro-fungi. A few of the 
rarer rusts may be mentioned : Puccinia thalictri on Thalictrum flavum at 
Wheatfen Broad ; P. cicute on Cicuta virosa at Surlingham ; P. bullata 
on Peucedanum palustre and P. paludosa on Pedicularis palustris and 
Carex goodenowi at Irstead. Hypnum scorpioides, H. giganteum and 
H. cuspidatum are three of the most important mosses carpeting the fens. 
(5) Heaths : Wet and Dry. 
Many of the more interesting heaths are to be found within a few miles 
of Norwich, including those of Felthorpe, Flordon, Hevingham, Horsford, 
Stratton Strawless and Swannington (4). ‘ Two distinct types of swamp 
occur in the area, one associated with Calluna heath, and the other related 
to fen. The former is restricted, with few exceptions, to the heads of 
valleys, the water of which reaches it percolating non-calcareous beds. 
As the main water supply of the county is calcareous, swamps associated 
with the principal streams and those on boulder clay, are of fen type. 
An interesting exception to this is the frequent occurrence of heath-swamp 
species in fen, attributable to two distinct sources of water, the swamp 
being inundated by a calcareous stream, while a more local drainage from 
gravel supports heath-swamp species at a level slightly above that of the 
marsh floor. Species common on acid peat but absent from fen are: 
Drosera rotundifolia, D. longifolia, Erica tetralix, Gentiana pneumonanthe, 
Juncus squarrosus, Nardus stricta, Lycopodium inundatum, Sphagnum sp., 
Aulocomnium palustre and Gymnocolea inflata. Plants common to both 
acid peat and fen are: Parnassia palustris, Salix repens, Funcus effusus, 
JF. subnodulosus, F. sylvaticus, Eriophorum angustifolium, Scheenus nigricans, 
Deschampsia cespitosa, Hypnum scorpioides and H. cuspidatum’ (4). 
Genista anglica is locally common on moist, peaty heaths ; Ulex galii 
and U. minor are both recorded here, the former in some abundance. 
Scutellaria minor is rare and known only from the eastern division of the 
county, Buxton Heath, Hevingham, being one of its few remaining 
stations. Of the orchids, Liparis leseli and Malaxis paludosa are rare in 
spongy bogs, and Goodyera repens is established in fir woods and on open 
heathland in the north-east of Norfolk, where it is thought to have been 
accidentally introduced from Scotland. Narthecium ossifragum is rare and 
seems to have disappeared from several of its old habitats, now lingering 
only in the west ; there is no extensive moorland to encourage it. Deyeuxia 
neglecta has been identified from Hockham Mere (only). 
The Bryophyta and Lichens of Norfolk heaths exhibit no special 
departures from what might be expected, considering the low rainfall. 
Fungi of special interest are : Bovistella paludosa and Entoloma bloxami 
on Buxton Heath ; Flammula decipiens on furze-stumps at Ringland Hills ; 
Collybia leucomyosotis, Naucoria myosotis, Omphalia posti and O. sphagni- 
cola in Sphagnum bogs ; Russula claro-flava in Sphagnum under birches 
at Calthorpe, Hoveton and Westwick ; Pawillus giganteus, sometimes in 
large groups on heaths ; Xerotus degener (once). Norfolk is very rich in 
Boleti. The rarer rusts include Puccinia hydrocotyles, P. dioice and 
Phragmidium tormentille. 
