THE BOTANY OF NORFOLK 31 
scrub, outside the breckland, is that outlined by Norwich, Reepham, 
Holt, Cromer and North Walsham. The occasional small woods on 
boulder-clay are mainly of oak and ash. Specimen trees of sweet chestnut, 
beech and Atlantic cedar, are to be seen at Stratton Strawless, where there 
is also a good deal of hornbeam. 
Few peculiarly East Anglian features may be noticed among the 
herbaceous plants in the woods. Primula elatior is present in the south- 
west, but occurs more abundantly in the clay lands of Suffolk ; Hypericum 
hirsutum, similarly, is much less frequent here than there. Paris quadrifolia 
exists in a few small woods. Epilobium angustifolium has spread rapidly 
to most woodland clearings in recent years. 
Mr. G. J. Cooke has supplied a list of some of the more interesting 
fungi: Geaster bryanti, G. triplex, Cyathus striatus, Amanitopsis nivalis 
(West Runton and near Norwich), A. strangulata, Pholiota grandis 
(beech-stump, Bawburgh), Cortinarius sanguineus (Sprowston), Hebeloma 
sinuosum (Stratton Strawless), Psilocybe sarcocephala (Framingham), 
Polyporus schweinitzi (increasing north of Norwich, where it is damaging 
silver firs), Sparassis crispa (sparingly, on pine stumps), Hymenochete 
mougeoti (on fir, Northrepps), Clavaria fistulosa (on birch twigs, Fram- 
ingham and Stratton Strawless), and Inocybe hystrix (Sprowston). Most 
of the woods produce, typically, Collybia butyracea and Clitocybe geotrupa ; 
the pine woods, Flammula sapinea, Inocybe rimosa and Clavaria rugosa. 
Mossy glades and banks often yield Cantharellus cibarius, Tricholoma 
sulphureum and Clitocybe odora. Tricholoma nudum is exceedingly 
common in the county, whereas 7. personatum and T. gambosum are local 
and uncertain in appearance. Clavaria inequalis is common, but 
C. cristata and C. cinerea are seldom met with. Helvella crispa is frequent 
in occurrence, while H. /acunosa appears to be distinctly local. About 
twenty specimens of Verpa digitaliformis appeared at Drayton, under 
hawthorns and elms, in May 1934. Sarcoscypha coccinea, uncommon in 
East Norfolk, has developed regularly in January for many years, on 
fallen hazel twigs at Earlham. Cordyceps capitata was recorded by 
Sowerby as having been sent to him from Holt ; it still occurs sparingly in 
woods of the Holt-Cromer ridge. 
(9) Hedgerows and Waste Patches. 
With modern agricultural methods in the fields, and the practice of 
severe hedge-trimming in these days of the motorist, several plants have 
become scarcer by the wayside, notably Verbascum thapsus. Myosurus 
minimus is of very uncertain occurrence at neglected field-margins. 
Chelidonium majus is frequent near houses ; Coronopus didymus has 
spread on to waste ground at Yarmouth, with Lepidium draba and Senecio 
squalidus (both increasing their range in Norfolk). Claytonia perfoliata 
is established on many banks and forms large patches under pines, 
especially in breckland. Geranium pyrenaicum is almost confined to 
roadsides bordering the Waveney valley, while G. rotundifolium is abundant 
at Caister, near Yarmouth. Smyrnium olusatrum thrives all along the 
coast and inland beside the river-valleys. Sambucus ebulus and Lonicera 
caprifolium are rather rare, in hedges. Matricaria suaveolens is widespread 
