THE ZOOLOGY OF NORFOLK 41 
The two fresh-water species, Spongilla lacustris and S. fluviatilis, are 
widespread in the rivers and broads ; the latter also occurring in brackish 
water at Horsey. 
Coelenterata. 'The Sea Anemones.—The coast of Norfolk is not con- 
genial to the sea anemones which prefer solid rock and a greater tide range. 
However, piles and breakwaters, wrecks, and shore boulders with tide 
pools in chalk such as occur near Sheringham, give them a foothold. 
The commonest species here as elsewhere is Actinia equina, but it does not 
attain a large size. Tealia felina, the dahlia anemone, also occurs anchored 
to stones with its tentacles protruding from a covering of muddy sand. 
The most interesting species, however, is Diadumene lucie, first found by 
Dr. Robert Gurney in the summer of 1921 in the brackish pools at 
Salthouse. This species is of rather exceptional interest by reason of its 
distribution both in this country, in Holland, and the United States. It 
has also been found on Ulva in Wells Harbour, and clinging to stones in 
Breydon. Méitridium senile, the plumose anemone, also occurs in its three 
varietal forms on the coast. Alcyonium digitatum occurs locally. 
Among the Marine Hydroids several species of Sertularia are dredged 
up in the nets of shrimpers. Tubularia indivisa, Campanularia verti- 
cillata, C. flexuosa, Halecium halecinum, and Antennularia antennina are 
common on sandy bottoms; A. ramosa is seldom met with. Obelia 
geniculata is abundant on piles at Yarmouth. 
Among the jelly fishes only two species are common, viz. A urelia aurita 
and Cyanea capillata. 
Of the Ctenophora, Pleurobrachia pileus swims inshore in summer 
months. 
CGordylophora lacustris is found attached to reed stems growing in 
brackish water, especially in the Thurne and its associated broads. 
Of the fresh-water species of Hydrozoa, Hydra viridis, H. fusca, and 
H. vulgaris are common and widely distributed. 
Platyhelminthes—This group has not been investigated in the county, 
but it is worthy of note that the effects of Fasciola hepatica (causing 
‘ liver-rot ’ in sheep is much less in evidence than formerly, due to scientific 
methods and the rearing of sheep on higher grounds. 
Rotifera—Mr. H. E. Hurrell, of Great Yarmouth, has devoted many 
years of study to this group resulting in a large number of species being 
added to those enumerated by the late Thomas Brightwell of Norwich 
in 1848. Many species that are to be found in the brackish waters of 
ditches surrounding Yarmouth are not to be found in fresh water more 
inland. From the fact that the Rev. R. Freeman was able during six 
days’ work at the Sutton Broad Laboratory in 1904 to collect about 
120 species shows that the Rotiferan fauna of the Broads must be a very 
rich one. Although it is impossible to give the distribution of the 
numerous species, mention may be made of the rare Pedalion mirum; a 
single specimen being discovered in a tow-net collection of Rotifers 
including Polyarthra paltyptera, Asplanchia, and Triarthra in the River 
Ant near Ludham Bridge, in August 1906. It was found in abundance 
also by Dr. Robert Gurney in Langmere and Ringmere in September 
191g, and also by Mr. Hurrell in a pond in his garden at Yarmouth, 
