THE ZOOLOGY OF NORFOLK 45 
in many parts of the county from time to time but irregularly. Cono- 
cephalus dorsalis, Tetrix subulatus and T. bipunctatus are found in wet places 
in the Broads district. Mecostethus grossus appears on Myrica, etc., in 
the Broadland fens. The commonest grasshopper in fields and on dunes 
is Stenobothrus bicolor. 
Dermaptera (Earwigs).—Forficula auricularia and its variety with long 
pincers, forcipata, are all too common. Labia minor is rare; Apterygida 
albipennis was recorded in autumn 1889, and as far as in known, Norfolk 
is the northern limit of its distribution. 
Odonata (Dragonflies)—Rather more than half the British species are 
present in Norfolk ; Agrion armatum being known only from this county. 
Hemiptera.—This order of insects has been extensively studied in the 
county by J. Edwards, and H. J. Thouless and complete lists are to be 
found in the Transactions previously mentioned. The extremely rare 
Cimex pipistrelli was found in, Norwich by Mr. Thouless in September 
1903, from the hollow of an old tree which had been inhabited by bats ; 
it may be rarely found owing to the fact that few entomologists ever have 
the opportunity to search for it under such successful conditions. Corizus 
hyalinus, only previously recorded from Essex, was found upon the 
Cemetery wall at Norwich in 1903 by Mr. Thouless. 
Mallophaga (Bird lice).—It is interesting to notice that this order was 
first studied intensively in this country by Henry-Denny of Norwich who 
published Monographia Anopleurorum Britannia in 1842. 
Neuroptera (Stone-flies, May-flies, and Alder-flies)—Owing to the 
absence of swiftly-flowing streams, and waterfalls, the Perlide or Stone- 
flies are represented by very few species. Large numbers of Ephemeride 
or May-flies may sometimes be seen rising from the water, but neither 
these nor the Sialide or Alder-flies have been systematically worked in 
the county. 
Trichoptera (Caddis-flies)—These occur abundantly in some of the 
streams ; the commonest species are Phryganea, Limnophilus and Rhyaco- 
phila. The Victoria County History gives a list of some 50 species 
recorded for the county. 
Mecoptera (Scorpion-flies).—Besides the common scorpion fly, Panorpa 
communis, the first recorded British example of Boreus hyemalis was taken 
at Costessey near Norwich by Leech. 
Lepidoptera (Moths and Butterflies) —The skill and industry of Norfolk 
entomologists such as Lord Walsingham, C. G. Barrett, F. D. Wheeler, 
E. A. Atmore, H. J. Thouless, F. C. Hinde, and a large number of others 
has led to the Lepidoptera of the county being well worked ; resulting not 
only in the discovery of many rare species but also in the enumeration 
of a large number of localities for those recorded. Norfolk Lepidoptera 
recorded to the present year comprise 1,562 species, some 72 per cent. 
of the 2,150 recorded for the British Isles. 
The peculiar nature of the geological features and the various physical 
aspects has the effect of causing many species to be confined to exceedingly 
restricted localities. One fact which is of interest in connection with 
recent work which has been done upon insect immigration is the geo- 
graphical position of the county and the great probability of its serving 
