62 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF NORWICH AND DISTRICT 
Later in type than the stone-bed industries, and differing from them 
in their vivid orange colouring, in the size of the implements, the inferior 
quality of the flint utilised, and in the bolder and heavier technique, are 
the ‘ great flint implements of Cromer,’ § discovered by Reid Moir in a 
flint-strewn patch of foreshore west of Cromer pier, specimens occurring 
in diminishing numbers as far west as Sheringham. ‘This is essentially 
a flake industry, though it includes some huge roughly-flaked hand-axes 
and massive tabular choppers. Their great size has led to the suggestion 
that the makers were men of exceptional strength and size of hands. 
The actual level in which they occur is not yet decisively settled, though 
the upper and lower limits—the stone bed and the base of the Till— 
are quite clear. They belong apparently to an old land surface above 
the Crag or Cromer Forest-beds and are recognised as Early Chellian. 
With them are found occasional specimens of purple-black or 
‘ black-lead ’ staining, which appear to represent a rather later develop- 
ment, belonging to the Cromer Forest deposits. ‘The flint of which these 
are made is intensely hard, either by nature or by the changes it has 
undergone, resisting fracture to a much greater degree than the orange 
or ordinary stone bed specimens. 
CROMER FOREST-BEDS. 
The faunal associations of the Cromer Forest-beds, Elephas meridionalis, 
E. antiquus, hippopotamus, etc., are those of Chellian (Abbeville) man, but 
the intensive researches have so far failed to produce any human skeletal 
remains, and very little evidence of his implements, perhaps to be 
accounted for by the estuarine and fresh-water nature of the deposits. 
The ‘ much-discussed hand-axe ’ ® (Ipswich Museum) found 7” sztuin Till 
at Sidestrand was obviously derived from a pre-Till deposit. It is a 
shapely and clearly flaked specimen of evolved Chellian type. A second 
cruder example and a well-shaped flake were later obtained from the 
same exposure. The available evidence suggests that ‘a fixed point in 
geology may be found for the Chelles period in the Cromer Forest Bed.’!° 
“In fact, we have the complete Chelles industry of this country, from 
its earliest stages to its latest, represented among the implements found 
along the 14 miles of Norfolk coast between Bacton and Sheringham.’ 1° 
EarLty PALZOLITHIC INDUSTRIES. 
The gravels of south-west Norfolk have yielded numbers of Chellian 
hand-axes, but these are associated with late St. Acheul types and are 
usually rolled and obviously derived, as was the case at Whitlingham. 
The Chellian-Cromerian industries are clearly earlier than the Scandinavian 
drift of the North Sea glaciation, whilst St. Acheul-Clactonian are later 
than the Chalky Boulder Clay of the Great Eastern. Of the interglacial 
period between these, during which the local rivers cut down their beds 
through glacial deposits and crag beds to the chalk, no evidence of human 
8 ].R.A.I., 1921, p. 385, and Great Flint Implements of Cromer, Ipswich, 1921. 
® Antiquaries Journal, 1923, p. 135. 
10 Kendrick and Hawkes, Arch@ology in England and Wales, 1914-1931, Pp. 14. 
