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NORWICH AND DISTRICT INDUSTRIES 95 
estates, and during the World War the original firm alone supplied the 
Government with seven thousand miles of the material for use at the 
ont. . 
Mr. Barnard was also a pioneer in the production of a noiseless lawn- 
mower, hydraulic rams for water supply, a slow combustion grate, the 
heating of large buildings by hot water, and the use of iron and glass 
in building construction. 
Within the city is the largest foundry in the eastern counties, producing 
metal castings of almost every description. ‘The beautiful entrance gates 
and railings to Sandringham Park, made in Norwich for the Exhibition 
of 1862, were so much admired that they were purchased and presented 
to the then Prince of Wales, afterwards King Edward VII, as a wedding 
gift from the city and county. In the city itself the Pavilion in Chapel 
Field Gardens is another example of local wrought and cast-iron work 
exhibited in Vienna (1873), United States of America (1876), Paris (1878), 
and finally presented to the Corporation of Norwich in 1880. 
Norwich also takes a prominent place in the construction of timber- 
framed buildings, from residences, pavilions or schools to garden frames. 
Many of the hospitals and hutments for war use and a great deal of 
temporary housing for use following earthquake disasters have been 
contracted for in the city. Structural steel work is also a feature of the 
industry. 
Only within recent months hopes were entertained that the making of 
aircraft might become a permanent local industry. During the war 
thousands of aircraft were built here. Subsequently the method of 
metal construction, which reached a very high standard of technique, 
brought the firm engaged in the work to the very forefront of the air- 
craft industry and they were entrusted with the preparation of the airship 
R 101, all of which was made in Norwich before erection at Cardington. 
Aircraft construction, however, is now operated by a newly formed 
company, Boulton-Paul Aircraft, Ltd., and Norwich will cease to be a 
centre of this form of enterprise. 
Electrical Engineering—Norwich possesses one of the three oldest 
firms of electrical engineers in Great Britain manufacturing electric 
motors and generators, Messrs. Laurence, Scott and Electromotors, Ltd., 
formed in 1883 through the encouragement to Norwich industries by the 
late J. J. Colman. 
The industry developed chiefly on marine work, and the firm has made 
more electrical machinery for driving auxiliaries on board ship than any 
other in the world. 
Deck winches from the Norwich works, for handling cargo, are in 
universal demand, and electrical auxiliaries have been installed in most 
of the great liners. In the Queen Mary the firm has been concerned in the 
largest installation of the kind for a single liner, comprising 25,000 B.H.P. 
in electric motors for driving the pumps, fans, capstan and windlass and 
other auxiliaries. 
During the slump in shipping of the last few years important lines in 
land work have been introduced and perfected, and new ground has been 
broken in machines for the improvement of the power factor of motors 
