NORWICH AND DISTRICT INDUSTRIES 99 
disappearing. One of the last to succumb was the mill immortalised by 
John Crome in his famous picture now in the National Gallery. ‘This mill, 
situated on the borders of Mousehold, was in course of being acquired 
for permanent preservation when it caught fire in March 1933 and was 
destroyed. A model, however, is preserved in the Bridewell, together 
with others typical of Norfolk mill architecture. 
The windmill was gradually superseded by the water mill, of which 
many examples may still be found in the district surrounding the city, 
though not now making flour. These in their turn gave place to the 
steam mill. In the early ’nineties, with the introduction of the roller 
system, practically all the small steam mills ceased to manufacture flour 
and two large roller mills became the only representatives of the business 
in Norwich. At the present day these two important mills are situated 
on and practically dominate the river Wensum, through which they have 
direct communication with the various ports for the supply of their 
foreign wheat. 
(¢) CLOTHING 
Ready-made clothing is a comparatively modern innovation, dating from 
approximately a century ago. So far as Norwich is concerned, it owed its 
inception to the enterprise of a firm of textile manufacturers who about 
1850 took advantage of the invention of a tailor’s sewing machine to 
make an entirely new departure in their business by adding a department 
for ready-made clothing. The machine used was almost the first of the 
kind to be invented ; it was like a large fret-saw, worked by a treadle and 
producing about twenty stitches a minute—the modern type of machine 
makes at least three thousand stitches a minute. Band knives and other 
machines were added, and the firm described the new enterprise as a 
steam clothing factory. The industry developed considerably and under- 
went great changes with the outbreak of the War, when many large 
uniform contracts came to Norwich to meet the requirements of the 
Government. One firm alone sent two tons of uniform clothing daily to 
Government departments, their total output being a million khaki garments 
through the clothing factory and over a million cardigan waistcoats. 
The same firm from 1915 onwards in its hosiery department made over a 
mile of knitted fabric a day until the end of the War. 
The industry successfully survived the reorganisation necessitated 
by the end of the War and is now definitely established, turning out 
many thousands of garments per week; while the hosiery section is 
completely modernised. 
(k) CONFECTIONERY 
The chocolate, crackers and mineral waters industry in Norwich 
originated in a chemist’s business founded in 1863 by Albert J. Caley, 
who ventured on the making of home-made ginger beer. ‘The venture 
