E.— GEOGRAPHY 1 1 1 



(b) The arc of meridian 30 E. of Greenwich : 



1900 miles, Port Elizabeth to Lake Tanganyika. 

 150 miles in Uganda. 



(c) Boundary Commissions, 10,000 miles. 



2. Reliable mapping. 



Boundary Commission maps, topographical surveys of 

 parts of the Gold Coast, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Cape Colony, 

 Kenya, Uganda, Transvaal, and the whole of the Orange Free 

 State and Basutoland, and subsequent publication on the 

 1 in., J-in. and J-in. scales. Total Area 330,000 square 

 miles. 



3. Compilation Maps. 



The i/M, and 1/250000 series of all Africa then under the 

 British flag. 



4. Administrative. 



Formation of Colonial Survey Committee. The building 

 up of Colonial Survey Departments. The first general 

 inspection. 



The war period brought the mapping and revision of Great Britain 

 to a full stop. In Africa it did not have quite the same effect. We learnt, 

 of dire necessity, a good deal about East Africa, and improved the com- 

 pilation of the more generalised maps. A more important consequence 

 was the unfortunate renewal of the divorce between the topographical 

 and property surveying sides. Royal Engineers were either recalled or 

 employed on other duties. The survey of Kenya, for example, has never 

 recovered its pre-war usefulness, and even the maps of that delightful 

 land, made before the war, lie neglected and now out of date. This 

 department — too small in strength to undertake triangulation or mapping — 

 has reverted wholly to the cadastral. There is a bright spot to notice 

 about the war. On many a battlefield the regular and the temporary, 

 the topographical and the property surveyor, met and learnt, often in the 

 Field Survey Battalions, each other's methods and technique. There is 

 going to be small difficulty in broadening out when administration learns 

 that maps are as indispensable to a knowledge of human factors as to 

 the development and exploitation of natural resources. 



In considering what has been done since the war, why it is so little, 

 and what can be done to augment it, we can take the period of thirteen 

 years, from 1922 to 1935, and so achieve a direct comparison with the 

 former period of 1900 to 19 13. But, alas ! there is little good to record. 



Let us consider first the framework — the geodesy ; for land surveying, to 

 be consistent and continuous, must be held together by a rigid framework. 

 Mudge in England, Everest in India, made no mistake in their beginnings. 

 First a triangulation to hold together the areas of their task, and then 



