160 SECTIONAL ADDRESSES 



anomaly. Quite recently, however, Senor Cabre has discovered re- 

 markable parietal engravings in pure Aurignacian style in the caves of 

 La Hoz and Las Casares, in the province of Guadalajara, not far from 

 Madrid. Still more cogent proof that hunters from the north penetrated 

 even into southern Spain is furnished by the excavations of Senor Pericot 

 Garcia in the cave of Parpallo, in the province of Valencia. This site 

 has yielded an apparently complete succession from Middle Solutrian to a 

 Magdalenian corresponding more or less closely to the early Magdalenian 

 of France. The Upper Solutrian, it is true, showed a great development 

 of special forms, such as winged and tanged points, which seem to fore- 

 shadow the Neolithic — a peculiarity for which we were already prepared 

 by discoveries in Catalonia — but the industries of the other levels conform 

 to the classic Franco-Cantabric types. Painted and engraved limestone 

 plaques were abundant in the Upper Solutrian and Magdalenian layers, 

 and Obermaier has pointed out that the style of these works has affinities 

 with that of the East Spanish group of rock paintings. 



Obermaier still regards the Franco-Cantabric cultures as intrusive 

 in the southern part of the Peninsula, and a re-examination of sites 

 excavated by Siret in Almeria and Murcia, and of other stations of this 

 region, leads him to suggest there is a parallel development from a more 

 or less typical early Aurignacian to a rather poorly characterised late 

 industry for which he proposes the name epi-Aurignacian. He points 

 out that it is only in the final stages of this development that Capsian 

 influences appear, an observation which agrees with the late dating for 

 the Capsian now proposed by Vaufrey. This theory of a local culture 

 running side by side with the Solutrian and Magdalenian is still not 

 very securely based, but it does appear that something of the kind is 

 needed to account for the East Spanish rock paintings, which, in spite 

 of affinities with the art of Parpallo, have many distinctive features which 

 mark them off from the Franco-Cantabric tradition. 



In text-books written before 1928 references to the Palaeolithic of 

 Italy were very sketchy, and for the Upper Palaeolithic it was usual to 

 cite only the Grimaldi caves in the extreme north-west and the cave of 

 Romanelli near Otranto. Vaufrey has now made a careful study of the 

 subject, and has shown that the Italian blade industries present a single 

 facies corresponding in time with the whole period of the Aurignacian, 

 Solutrian and Magdalenian in France. This culture, which is characterised 

 by shouldered points of flint and by a multitude of notched blades, is 

 closely related to the Upper Aurignacian of the loess stations of Lower 

 Austria, of which Willendorf is the type. Vaufrey proposes for it a 

 separate name, Grimaldian, and this has now been generally adopted. 

 The late and impoverished facies of this culture which is found in 

 Sicily is not altogether unlike the Oranian or Iberomaurusian of North 

 Africa, but Vaufrey rejects the idea of a direct connection between 

 the two. 



In Italy, then, as in Spain, we find in late Palaeolithic times a close 

 relation with the regions lying immediately to the north, with a tendency 

 to local variations due to an isolated geographical position. The third 

 great peninsula of the northern Mediterranean, Greece, has so far yielded 



