THERMAL CONDUCTIVITIES OF ROCKS 279 



The increase of temperature with the depth is small and distributed 

 regularly. For differences of depth of 50 m. the increase varies between 

 0-75 and 0-85° C. The mean geothermal degree is 63-4 m. 



By comparing this value with those obtained in Boryslaw and Kalusz for 

 the same differences in depth, shown in another table, it was established 

 that the depth temperatures in the Stebnik well are considerably lower. 

 This seems to be related to the fact that salt layers and potassium salt 

 layers are crossed by the wells at a depth from 116 to 859 m. In Kalusz 

 the smallest increase was also observed in the salt layers — that is, between 

 174 and 261 m. of depth. 



Predetermination of Temperature of Rocks Inside 

 Mountain-Massifs. 



By K. Pressel. 



Zeitschrift des Vereins deutscher Ingenieure, vol. 73, no. 5, 1929, pp. 126-164. 



The author discusses the important question of determining the tempera- 

 ture of rocks inside mountains. An attempt was made to solve this 

 problem by mathematical calculations. Pressel describes methods in 

 which the experiments are carried out on models. Possibilities of thermal 

 and caloric model experiments are mentioned briefly. A third model 

 experiment, an ' electric ' one, is described in more detail. Its usefulness 

 was proved by observations made in two well-known tunnels (Gotthard, 

 Simplon). The results of the latter examination are given. 



The following items are discussed : (1) importance of temperature deter- 

 mination ; (2) literature on temperature determination ; (3) influences 

 upon the temperature inside mountains ; (4) thermal model experiment ; 

 (5) caloric model experiment ; (6) electrical model experiment. 



Geothermal Variations in Oil-Fields of Los Angeles, California. 



By Anders J. Carlson. 



Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, vol. 14, no. 8, 



1930, pp. 997-101 1. 



Data obtained from temperature measurements in oil wells of the Los 

 Angeles basin are presented, and some causes of abnormal temperature 

 conditions and factors affecting the interpretation of geothermal data are 

 noted. The relations of geothermal gradients and isothermal depths to 

 structure are discussed for the Santa Fe Springs, Long Beach, and Torrance 

 Fields. Variations in the geothermal constants are considered with respect 

 to the geology of the region, and the possible correlative value of temperature 

 data is suggested. 



The Course of the Temperature in Sandy Soil. 



By R. Suring. 



Zeitschrift fur Geophysik, vol. 6, nos. 4-7, 1930, pp. 285-291. 



In this article the author gives some information on the diurnal course 



of the temperature in the upper strata, as well as on the yearly temperature 



distribution at greater depths. The question is discussed under the 



following headings : (1) the diurnal temperature exchange between the 



