2 86 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE, ETC. 



Note concerning the taking of Measurements of Temperature 



in Boreholes. 



By I. Atanasiu. 



Annates des mines de Roumanie, nos. 7—12, July-December, 1928, 



pp. 219-225. 



The purpose of the present article is to discuss the conditions under 

 which the temperature measurements can be used as a means of determining 

 occlusions produced by cementation. 



The author divides the article into the following sections : 



1. General considerations on the variation of the temperature in the 

 ground. 



2. What can be obtained by taking the measurements of temperature in 

 the boreholes. 



3. Conditions which the thermometers must satisfy. 



4. Proposals for applying the measurements of temperature in bore- 

 holes. 



In section one, Atanasiu gives a formula according to which a geothermic 

 degree — that is, the number of metres to which the thermometer must be 

 lowered in order to reach an increase of temperature of 1 degree — can be 



calculated : Gr = — . Here Gr is the geothermic degree, h the depth at 



t — Jo 



which the temperature is measured, t the temperature obtained, and to the 

 mean annual temperature of the ground. 



In section two the author gives a table of measurements taken at different 

 depths, which are given in metres in the table : 



~., ~ ,, Depth of rr. . Geothermic ^ , 



Oil Fields Phi emperature , Remarks 



1. Filipesti . . 886 37"4° 32-6 m. Without oil 



2. Campina . . 831 37"4° 3°"5 m. In boring 



3. Moinesti . . 900 33'7° 36-4 m. Gas, water 



4. Luncacesti-Zames 480 21-5° 38-4 m. Surface water 



If the occlusion is not good the water coming from above, which is colder, 

 will lower the temperature, and the geothermic degree calculated will 

 accordingly be higher than the normal one for the region. 



This is plainly shown in the table in the case of Luncacesti-Zames. 



Temperature measurements may be useful for the determination of the 

 origin of water appearing in the boreholes. For example, if the occlusion 

 is no longer perfect, it is often difficult to be sure whether the water is 

 originally in the deposit itself or comes from above. 



By introducing a thermometer the source of the water can be established 

 with certainty, for the temperature will remain constant or be higher in the 

 first case and will drop in the second case. 



Section three deals with the construction and protection of thermometers 

 for use in measurements at great depths. The author proposes to manu- 

 facture the following types : 



Type I. With a scale of from io° to 30° for depths up to 500 m. 

 Type II. With a scale of from 25 to 45 for depths from 500 to 1,000 m. 

 Type III. With a scale of from 40° to 6o° for depths from 1,000 to 1,500m. 



In the last section Atanasiu proposes that temperature measurements be 

 made obligatory ; if taken as often as possible they will furnish valuable 

 material which may serve for generation orientation. 



