SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.— C. 349 



at similar heights. If such correlations are ultimately made, the great range 

 of eustatic movement suggested thereby must fundamentally affect many 

 aspects of Neozoic geology and geography. 



Afternoon. 

 Excursion to Dinkley on the Ribble. Leader, Mr. E. W. J. Moore. 



Saturday, September 12. 



Excursion to the Lake District, for Skelgill. Leaders : Profs. W. G. 

 Fearnsides, F.R.S., and W. B. R. King. 



Sunday, September 13. 



Excursion to Lancaster Fells. Leaders : Dr. R. G. S. Hudson and 

 Mr. F. C. Slinger. 



Monday, September 14. 



Presidential Address by Prof. H. L. Hawkins on Paleontology and 

 humanity (10.0). 



Discussion on Earth movements in Carboniferous times in North England. 



Prof. H. G. A. Hickling, F.R.S.— Discussion on earth-movements 

 in the north of England. 



The geological structure and topography of the north of England is based 

 upon the powerful folding of the lower Palaeozoic rocks. In the west these 

 folds follow the usual N.E.-S.W. trend, but under the east they appear to 

 trend consistently N.W.-S.E. The change of strike follows the Vale of 

 Eden and the upper Ribble. It is probably continued southward under the 

 eastern edge of the Lancashire and North Staffordshire coalfields, and 

 possibly farther south by the line of the Malvern disturbances. Based upon 

 this structure, the Carboniferous rocks west of the line are dominated by 

 folds of Caledonian trend, illustrated by the Cumberland coalfield, the 

 powerful folds of the lower Ribble valley and the Burnley and South 

 Lancashire coalfields. Correspondingly, the dominant faulting in this area 

 is N.W.-S.E. East of the line the Carboniferous folding is gentler and is 

 characterised by Charnian trends, illustrated by the synclines of the 

 Durham, Yorkshire and Nottingham coalfield. The dominant faulting on this 

 side is N.E.-S.W. 



The ' Pennine Chain ' probably owes its inception to a stiffening of the 

 country about the line of change in the lower Palaeozoic folding. It consists 

 of four domed elevations, with summits near the High Peak, Ingleborough, 

 Cross Fell and Bewcastle respectively. The great domes of the Cheviot 

 and the Lake District are not on the line and are probably of different 

 origin. There is evidence that some of these domes were indicated in the 

 pre-Carboniferous topography, but in the main they were produced by 

 intra-Carboniferous movements. All workers on both lower and upper 

 Carboniferous rocks have emphasised the abundant evidence of movement 



