SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.— D, E. 367 



Chirocephalus abounds in the Marlborough district and we have had 

 ample opportunity of investigating this point. I have also filmed com- 

 pletely the working of these gnathobases, and I maintain that they can and 

 do work in apposition and function in the manner indicated by Sir Ray 

 Lankester. 



The film shows these gnathobases on the one side working in apposition 

 with those of the other side. 



References. 



H. Graham Cannon and S. M. Manton : ' On the Feeding Mechanism of a Mysid 

 Crustacean, Hemimysis Lamorna' Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., Vol. LV, Part I 

 (No. 10). 1927. 



H. Graham Cannon : ' On the Feeding Mechanism of the Fairy Shrimp, Chiro- 

 cephalus Diaphanus Prevost,' Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., Vol. LV, Part III 

 (No. 32). 1928. 



H. Graham Cannon : ' On the Feeding Mechanism of the Brachiopoda,' Phil. 

 Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Series B, Vol. 222, pp. 267-352. 1933. 



Mr. J. A. Moy-Thomas. — The evolution of Elasmobranchs (3.0). 



The Cladoselachii and Ctenacanths are the earliest and most primitive 

 Elasmobranchs, and it is almost certain that the former are closely related 

 to the ancestral form. 



It is fairly certain that three main lines of evolution occurred, the Pleura- 

 canths, a group leading to the Holocephali and a group leading to all modern 

 sharks. 



The group leading to the Holocephali can be distinguished by the micro- 

 scopic structure of the teeth and, where known, the anatomy of the skull. 

 The Pleuracanths form a compact group with characteristic median and 

 pectoral fins. The third group seems to have arisen from the Ctenacanths 

 which are more specialised than the Cladoselachii. It is to this group 

 that the majority of the post-palaeozoic sharks belong. 



Visit to Lytham Mussel Cleaning Station. 



SECTION E.— GEOGRAPHY. 



Thursday, September 10. 



Presidential Address by Brigadier H. S. L. Winterbotham, C.B., 

 C.M.G., on The mapping of the Colonial Empire (10. o). 



Lt.-Col. F. J. Salmon. — The modern geography of Palestine (11. 15). 



The paper describes the striking alterations that are affecting large areas 

 in Palestine, how development is being assisted by the new land regime, and 

 how the changes are being illustrated on maps. The old and new systems 

 of land tenure and the activities of the Department of Lands and Surveys 

 are briefly explained. Communications illustrated by the motor map and 

 the map of Roman Palestine showing old and new routes. Short account 

 of the water-resources survey, water supply, drainage and forestry. The 

 development of the towns illustrated with maps, including a new survey of 

 the ' old city ' of Jerusalem. Modern surveys and maps in some detail, with 



