SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.— H. 389 



men ; a marked occurrence of Norse place-names and archaeological finds 

 indicate Norse settlement here. In the east-central area we find a pre- 

 ponderance of dark colouring, shorter stature, smaller measurements, and 

 shorter noses. Other regions of the island show differences of varying 

 degree. The island shows no obvious survivals of early extremely long- 

 headed types and the distribution of dark-haired, very broad-headed men 

 is but a lightly scattered one. 



The bulk of the population is either fair and rather long-headed or medium 

 headed, with a tendency to tall stature, or darker, with smaller measurements, 

 but on the whole very similar cephalic indices. 



Mr. H. Fullard. — Anthropometric work in Lancashire (3.35). 



The work so far accomplished ; the earlier efforts ; the present survey. 

 The number of subjects measured ; the localities in which the measurements 

 have been taken ; the plain and the hills. The results and indications of 

 the work ; the distributional value of the more important measurements, 

 indices, and degree of pigmentation. The groups of associated charac- 

 teristics and their distribution ; the relation of the latter to the relevant 

 aspects of the geography and life of Lancashire. Conclusion : the intention 

 of further work. 



Friday, September 11. 



Mr. E. Davies.— Rural settlement in the Isle of Man (10.0). 



Land in the Isle of Man is divided into treens and quarterlands. The 

 treen usually, but not always, comprises four quarterlands. The boundaries 

 of these, which are traditional and fixed, tend to follow natural features — 

 hedges, roads, streams, etc. In lowland areas they often follow lines of 

 wells ; in the upland, watercourses are more commonly the bounds. 



In valleys, treens occupy hill slopes between streams rather than valley 

 bottoms. On the coastal plateau, away from valleys, and on the moraine 

 in the north the treens extend from hill to shore in long parallel strips. 

 This provided an equitable division of land of various kinds. 



The closest affinities are with the land system of ancient Ireland. The 

 Manx treen (or ' Bailey,' which was the original term) and quarterland 

 (Manx ' Kerroo-Valley ') resemble the Irish ballys and quarter-ballys. 

 In Ireland thirty ballys formed, ideally, the land of a Tuath ; in Man 

 each sheading includes, approximately, thirty treens. 



Many features of the legal tenure, according to Manx customary law, 

 have been shown to resemble those governing Odal land in Norway. 

 They appear to be Norse features laid over an older land system. 



Mr. I. C. Peate. — The moorland Long-house in Wales (10.35). 



The influence of environment upon human habitations is well exemplified 

 in Wales. It is illustrated by the characteristic thatched cottages of the 

 Glamorgan coastal plain and the intrusion into mid-Wales of the half- 

 timbered house of the Severn Valley and the Midlands. But of particular 

 interest to the geographer and anthropologist is the long-house of the 

 Welsh moorland in which man and beast are (for reasons which will be 

 discussed) housed under the same roof. The type is of extreme antiquity 

 and early Welsh references to it will be given. Attention is drawn to 

 associated types in Scotland and — in ancient times — in Scandinavia and 

 reference made to features in North Wales cottages which appear to be 

 related to the type. 



