SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.— K*, L. 429 



average distance of six miles from the middle of the city. The rock under- 

 lying the woods for the most part is Carboniferous Limestone, including Lower 

 Limestone Shales, but some are situated on Old Red Sandstone and one on 

 Pennant Grits (Carboniferous). The soils have not been fully investigated. 

 There are no records of the planting of these woods, but they have decreased 

 in area considerably during living memory due to felling. Regeneration 

 has been observed in one wood at least, and seedlings are not uncommon 

 throughout. 



The investigation of the floristic and ecologic composition of the woods 

 is as yet only in a preliminary stage. 



Mr. Henry P. Hutchinson. — The effects of dormant buds and roots on the 

 wood of Salix cerulea — the cricket bat willow (11.20). 



The paper traces the behaviour of the primary buds anc? initial roots 

 present in the current year's shoot through the later stages of growth of the 

 tree, and describes the effects produced on the grain of the underlying 

 timber. 



Mr. E. H. B. BouL-fcN. — Timber and its substitutes (11.40). 



Mr. H. D. Gordon. — Mycorrhiza in rhododendrons (12.10). 



Mr. B. Pollard- Urquhart. — Working plans for the private estate (12.40). 



SECTION L.— EDUCATIONAL SCIENCE. 



Thursday, September 10. 



Discussion on Cultural and social values of science (10. o). 



Sir Richard Gregory, Bt., F.R.S. 



Culture has the same meaning as the humanism of polite scholarship or 

 classical learning : and whatever subjects are defined as humanistic, they 

 must all be understood as being concerned with the welfare of man. 



The influence of science upon material progress is recognised much more 

 commonly than that of its effect upon the human mind. It is difficult now 

 to realise the liberation of life and intellect brought about by the works of 

 Copernicus, Galileo, Vesalius and other pioneers of experimental philosophy. 

 Their discoveries, and Newton's law of gravitation, which accounted not 

 only for the movements of the planets but also for the alarming appearance 

 of comets, involved a revolution in conceptions of the universe and man's 

 terrestrial dwelling-place. Intellectual expansion, and a sense of justice, 

 resulted from the knowledge of the existence and permanence of Law in 

 Nature. They profoundly influenced human thought and resulted in 

 social changes which had great civilising effects. , 



Three centuries later, Darwin placed man himself in a new relationship 

 to the rest of living creatures, and the principle of evolution established by 

 him applies not only to the past but also to the present and future. Science, 



