SUMMER BIRD LIFE OF THE LAKE DISTRICT 143 



Low Fells. 



Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe), meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis), 

 jackdaw (Coloeus monedula spermologus), carrion crow (Corvus corone corone) 

 reign supreme, though sandpipers (Tringa hypoleuca) have nested at 1 ,100 feet. 

 Yellow wagtail (Motacilla flava rayi) at 800 feet, lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) 

 at 1,200 feet, and dipper (Cinclus cinclus britannicus) at 1,000 feet, and the 

 ring ousel (Turdus torquatus torquatus), though thinly distributed, nest 

 regularly on the low fells. 



The hooded crow (Corvus comix cornix) is rarely seen in the Lake District, 

 but one case of inter-breeding between it and the carrion crow (Corvus corone 

 corone) has been recorded. 



Strange to say, the cuckoo (Cuculus canorus canorus) is rather a bird of the 

 low fells than the dales, where pipits are its chief victims. 



High Fells (1,200 feet to 2,000 feet). 



The kestrel (Falco tinnunculus tinnunculus), common buzzard (Buteo 

 buteo buteo), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus peregrinus) and raven (Corvus 

 cor ax cor ax) share the high fells between them, and nearly every few square 

 miles has its nesting pair of these birds. 



In winter snow buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis) haunt the low fells, often 

 in company with lesser redpolls (Carduelis linaria cabaret). 



Mountain (2,000 feet to 3,210 feet). 



The dotterel (Charadrius morinellus) still nests sparingly on two Lake 

 District mountains, and is the only bird the Lake District claims as a summer 

 resident of the mountain tops. 



XXIV. 



SCIENTISTS OF 

 NORTH LANCASHIRE AND VICINITY 



BY 



D. N. LOWE, MA, B.Sc 



Of the following men who, in the course of the past 300 years, have made 

 significant contributions to the advancement of scientific knowledge, all but 

 a few were bom in the north-west of England, in the area embracing Lanca- 

 shire north of the Ribble, Cumberland and Westmorland. 



The few exceptions either had close family connections with, or were long 

 resident in the district. Though they are not strictly in the area so defined, 



