144 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF BLACKPOOL AND DISTRICT 



it has been considered convenient to include Stonyhurst College Observatory 

 and Sedbergh in the present survey. Grateful acknowledgment is made in 

 respect of notes on past Directors of Stonyhurst College Observatory, which 

 were compiled by the Rev. J. P. Rowland, S.J., the present Director. 



Addison, Thos. (1793-1860), b. Long Benton, near Newcastle. Came 

 from a family long settled at Lanercost, Cumberland. Studied and lectured 

 on diseases at Guys Hospital. His discovery, in 1 855, of what is now known 

 as ' Addison's Disease ' was considered one of the most brilliant achievements 

 of the nineteenth century. Died at Brighton. Buried in Lanercost Abbey. 



ARKWRIGHT, Sir RlCHARD (1732-92), b. Preston, of humble parents. 

 Apprenticed to a barber, he set up business in Bolton in 1750, and with the 

 gradual disuse of wigs turned to invention. In 1769 invented and erected 

 near Hockley the first spinning mill. In 1 775 patented a series of inventions 

 for performing on one machine the whole process of yarn manufacture. From 

 the building of his numerous mills in Lancashire and Derbyshire we may 

 properly date the factory system. Died at Cromford. 



Barrow, Sir John (1764-1848), b. Dragley Beck, near Ulverston. Started 

 work in a Liverpool iron foundry and rose to be a partner. Extensive travel 

 earned him important connections, and after holding various political offices 

 he became Secretary to the Admiralty. Explorer and traveller, he wrote 

 extensively. Founded the Royal Geographical Society in 1830. Died in 

 Camden Town. 



BRACKEN, Dr. H. (1679-1764), b. Lancaster. Studied medicine and surgery 

 in London, Paris and Leyden, and practised in Lancaster. Was widely known 

 for his prowess in surgery, and wrote several books on farriery which brought 

 him into the front rank of veterinary writers. Died Lancaster. 



Brougham, H. P., F.R.S., Baron Brougham and Vaux (1778-1868), b. 

 Edinburgh. He was descended from a Westmorland family, and kept an 

 estate in that county. Showed early promise in scientific studies, but took 

 up law, and rose to be Lord Chancellor. Formed a society for the diffusion 

 of useful knowledge, was Rector of Glasgow and Chancellor of Edinburgh 

 Universities, and founded London University. When he withdrew from 

 public life he resumed scientific studies, and published papers on light. Died 

 abroad. 



BROWNRIGG, Dr. Wm., F.R.S. (1711-1800), b. High Close Hall, Cumber- 

 land. Studied medicine London and Leyden, and practised at Whitehaven. 

 Elected F.R.S. (1741) for researches in fire-damp. Made valuable enquiries 

 into the nature of mineral waters, and was probably the first to realise the 

 acid nature of carbon dioxide. In many particulars his researches were 

 parallel to those of Priestley, Black and Cavendish. First to give an account 

 of platinum. Died at Ormathwaite, near Keswick. 



Cavendish, Sir Wm., K.G., P.C., Seventh Duke of Devonshire (1808-1891 ), 

 b. London. On inheriting large estates in this country and in Ireland gave 

 up a career in politics to administer scientific and industrial concerns. 

 Assisted in establishing iron-mining and steel-producing industries in Barrow. 

 In turn Chancellor of Cambridge, London and Manchester Universities. 

 Presented the Cavendish Laboratory to Cambridge. An enlightened land- 



